{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:42:33Z","timestamp":1783525353929,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599696000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of the Kato-Katz, formalin ether concentration method (FECM) and FLOTAC using Sheather's sugar solution (FS1), saturated sodium chloride (FS2) and zinc sulfate (FS7) for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites among school children, focusing on<jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>. Ninety fecal samples were examined using the above mentioned techniques. The overall infection rate was 87.7%. Concerning protozoa, FLOTAC (FS1 and FS2) and FECM detected nearly equal infection rates (43.3% and 44.4%, respectively) with very good agreement. Kato-Katz diagnosed the highest helminthic infection rate (57.8%) followed by FLOTAC FS7 (44.4%) and FECM showed the lowest helminthic infection rate (27.7%). As for<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>, Kato-Katz showed an infection rate of 38.8%<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>FLOTAC (22.2%) and FECM (11.1%). The three techniques detected the same infection rate (11.1%) with egg counts more than 72 eggs\/gram of feces. The FLOTAC sensitivity and accuracy for the diagnosis of protozoa were 97% and 99%, respectively. Regarding helminths diagnosis, FLOTAC technique showed higher sensitivity (77%) and accuracy (87%) compared to FECM (48% sensitivity and 70% accuracy). Therefore, FLOTAC can be used synchronously or in replacement to other diagnostic techniques. This can strategically impact future control programmes of intestinal parasitic infections in limited resources settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182020001675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T08:06:46Z","timestamp":1599725206000},"page":"289-294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Comparison among FLOTAC, Kato-Katz and formalin ether concentration techniques for diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections in school children in an Egyptian rural setting"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4965-9469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal Farahat","family":"Allam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoda Fahmy","family":"Farag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael","family":"Lotfy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayam Hussien","family":"Fawzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba","family":"Elhadad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amel Youssef","family":"Shehab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00025-17"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004128"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192303"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0702-z"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3923\/jp.2018.36.46","article-title":"Mini-FLOTAC versus other copromicroscopic methods in diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections","volume":"13","author":"Sarhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Research Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1976.25.818"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000754"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.235"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908X267876"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60233-6"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.12.003"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref31","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis: Eliminating Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis as a Public Health Problem in Children; Progress Report 2001\u20132010 and Strategic Plan 2011\u20132020","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-8083-4"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.08.010"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001036"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3971-x"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.05.021"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02782.x"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005953"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02877-13"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v16i3.8"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4377-y"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000574"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref28","first-page":"97","article-title":"The formol-ether concentration technique for intestinal parasites: comparing 0.1 N sodium hydroxide with normal saline preparations","volume":"33","author":"Suwansaksri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref7","first-page":"381","article-title":"FLOTAC, a novel apparatus for a multivalent faecal egg count technique","volume":"48","author":"Cringoli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-314"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21106\/ijma.8"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1731-0"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780101015"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01035-10"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.21608\/jesp.2018.77477","article-title":"Evaluation of feconomics and mini-flotac as recent stool preparation techniques for diagnosis of intestinal parasites","volume":"48","author":"Abdel-Gaffar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182020001675_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-220"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182020001675","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T16:52:21Z","timestamp":1668703941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182020001675\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182020001675"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182020001675","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}