{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T21:54:42Z","timestamp":1747173282235,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600646400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>On Hawai\u2018i Island, an increase in human neuroangiostrongyliasis cases has been primarily associated with the accidental ingestion of <jats:italic>Angiostrongylus cantonensis<\/jats:italic> L3 in snails or slugs, or potentially, from larvae left behind in the slug's slime or feces. We evaluated more than 40 different treatments <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> for their ability to kill <jats:italic>A. cantonensis<\/jats:italic> larvae with the goal of identifying a safe and effective fruit and vegetable wash in order to reduce the risk of exposure. Our evaluation of treatment lethality was carried out in two phases; initially using motility as an indicator of larval survival after treatment, followed by the development and application of a propidium iodide staining assay to document larval mortality. Treatments tested included common household products, consumer vegetable washes and agricultural crop washes. We found minimal larvicidal efficacy among consumer-grade fruit and vegetable washes, nor among botanical extracts such as those from ginger or garlic, nor acid solutions such as vinegar. Alkaline solutions, on the other hand, as well as oxidizers such as bleach and chlorine dioxide, did show larvicidal potential. Surfactants, a frequent ingredient in detergents that lowers surface tension, had variable results, but dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid as a 70% w\/w solution in 2-propanol was very effective, both in terms of the speed and the thoroughness with which it killed <jats:italic>A. cantonensis<\/jats:italic> L3 nematodes. Thus, our results suggest promising directions for future investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182020001730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T08:19:34Z","timestamp":1600676374000},"page":"212-220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i> comparison of treatments and commercially available solutions on mortality of <i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis<\/i> third-stage larvae"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1372-3286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Argon","family":"Steel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Klasner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6166-3199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven H.","family":"Jacquier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Pitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Hollingsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9824-0509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan I.","family":"Jarvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182020001730_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2984\/1534-6188(2007)61[457:DOPCMP]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"S0031182020001730_ref41","unstructured":"ThermoFisher Scientific (2020) Propidium iodide https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/life-science\/cell-analysis\/fluorophores\/propidium-iodide.html (Accessed 12 May 2020)"},{"key":"S0031182020001730_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189458"},{"key":"S0031182020001730_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128128"},{"key":"S0031182020001730_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012462"},{"key":"S0031182020001730_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651999000400004"},{"key":"S0031182020001730_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/2018-12-294"},{"key":"S0031182020001730_ref1","unstructured":"Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA (2014) Technical Evaluation Report: Allyl Isothiocyanate Crops. 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