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A sample of 65 282 fleas taken from 336 different locations were analysed for changes in the distribution, diversity and compensation of flea communities found on small mammals along an elevational diversity gradient ranging from the Pannonian Plain to the base of the Carpathian summits. The fleas were divided into four groups, which were derived from changes in abundance and occurrence determined from cluster analysis. They are (1) flea species whose range seems unrelated to any change in elevation; (2) species that avoid high altitudes; (3) a group that can be subdivided into two types: (i) host-specific fleas and (ii) mountains species and (4) species opting for high altitudes on the gradient or preferring lower to middle elevations below 1000 m. Our study showed a unimodal pattern of flea diversity along the elevational gradient. It indicated that seasonality significantly conditions changes in biodiversity and patterns of spatial change along the elevational gradient, with specific flea species influenced by their host, while the impact of environmental conditions is more pronounced in opportunistic flea species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182020002024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T07:22:45Z","timestamp":1603351365000},"page":"63-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Diversity, distribution and changes in communities of fleas on small mammals along the elevational gradient from the Pannonian Plain to the Carpathian Mountains"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6479-0238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Bal\u00e1\u017e","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"\u0160ev\u010d\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Tulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Zigov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Dudich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400840809"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref16","first-page":"603","article-title":"Flea synusias (Siphonaptera: Insecta) of alpine shrew (Sorex alpinus Schinz, 1837) in Western Carpathians","volume":"42","author":"Dudich","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biol\u00f3gia (Bratislava)"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjz-2013-0254"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref69","volume-title":"Fleas\u2013Vectors of Pathogens Causing Diseases in Humans and Animals","author":"Vatschenok","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/ej.9789004151512.i-188"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Elevational trends in biodiversity","volume":"5","author":"Grytnes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Biodiversity"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-8238.2006.00273.x"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3545222"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref70","unstructured":"Wang, Y , Naumann, U , Eddelbuettel, D , Wilshire, J and Warton, D (2020) mvabund: Statistical methods for analysing multivariate abundance data."},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1377291"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref64","volume-title":"Fleas \u2013 Siphonaptera (Aphaniptera)","author":"Skuratowicz","year":"1967"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref22","first-page":"431","article-title":"Fytogeografick\u00fd preh\u013ead Slovenska","volume":"2","author":"Fut\u00e1k","year":"1972","journal-title":"Slovensko"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072779"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/03-3147"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2204"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.071034898"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref9","volume-title":"Public Health Significance of Urban Pests","author":"Bonnefoy","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035598"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02723646.2017.1318652"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1360\/biodiv.040177"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref5","first-page":"227","article-title":"Siphonaptera Tatr Polskich","volume":"10","author":"Bartkowska","year":"1973","journal-title":"Fragm Faun Pol Akad Nauk Inst Zool"},{"key":"S0031182020002024_ref17","first-page":"76","article-title":"Contribution to the knowledge of ectoparasites of small mammals of the Trnava Uplands and the Little Carpathians. 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