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In this study, we used the unique salinity gradient found in the south-western Baltic Sea to: (i) investigate patterns of trematode infections in the first intermediate host, the periwinkle <jats:italic>Littorina littorea<\/jats:italic> and in the downstream host, the mussel <jats:italic>Mytilus edulis<\/jats:italic>, along a regional salinity gradient (from 13 to 22) and (ii) evaluate the effects of first intermediate host (periwinkle) density, host size and salinity on trematode infections in mussels. Two species dominated the trematode community, <jats:italic>Renicola roscovita<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Himasthla elongata<\/jats:italic>. Salinity, mussel size and density of infected periwinkles were significantly correlated with <jats:italic>R. roscovita<\/jats:italic>, and salinity and density correlated with <jats:italic>H. elongata<\/jats:italic> abundance. These results suggest that salinity, first intermediate host density and host size play an important role in determining infection levels in mussels, with salinity being the main major driver. Under expected global change scenarios, the predicted freshening of the Baltic Sea might lead to reduced trematode transmission, which may be further enhanced by a potential decrease in periwinkle density and mussel size.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182020002188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T07:18:10Z","timestamp":1605856690000},"page":"486-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of first intermediate host density, host size and salinity on trematode infections in mussels of the south-western Baltic Sea"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4337-5297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Bommarito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Thieltges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Pansch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco R.","family":"Barboza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Pranovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Wahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182020002188_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(94)00352-O"},{"key":"S0031182020002188_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3354\/dao073063","article-title":"Effect of temperature on emergence, survival and infectivity of cercariae of the marine trematode Renicola roscovita (Digenea: Renicolidae)","volume":"73","author":"Thieltges","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diseases of aquatic organisms"},{"key":"S0031182020002188_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2540.1998.00435.x"},{"key":"S0031182020002188_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200600165X"},{"key":"S0031182020002188_ref42","volume-title":"Digene Trematoden und Cestoden der Ostsee- Fische als Nat\u00fcrliche Fischmarken. 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