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However, relatively little is known about the colonization of new hosts by parasitic, commensal and mutualistic eukaryotes of metazoans. As ubiquitous symbionts of coelomate animals,<jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>spp. represent excellent candidate organisms for the study of evolutionary patterns of host switching by protists. Here, we apply a big-data phylogenetic approach using archival sequence data to assess the relative roles of several host-associated traits in shaping the evolutionary history of the<jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>species-complex within an ecological framework. Patterns of host usage were principally determined by geographic location and shared environments of hosts, suggesting that weight of exposure (i.e. propagule pressure) represents the primary force for colonization of new hosts within the<jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>species-complex. While<jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>lineages showed a propensity to recolonize the same host taxa, these taxa were often evolutionarily unrelated, suggesting that historical contingency and retention of previous adaptions by the parasite were more important to host switching than host phylogeny. Ultimately, our findings highlight the ability of ecological theory (i.e. \u2018ecological fitting\u2019) to explain host switching and host specificity within the<jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>species-complex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118202100055x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T08:20:52Z","timestamp":1617006052000},"page":"985-993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Historical contingency, geography and anthropogenic patterns of exposure drive the evolution of host switching in the<i>Blastocystis<\/i>species-complex"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6747-4508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin J. 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