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In order to study<jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>infection response in a microorganism-free environment, an infection model was established providing a host\u2013parasite interaction system useful to study the interplay between immune cells and the parasite. Infected mice peritoneal cells were immunophenotyped at different times after infection using flow cytometry. Neutrophils and macrophages showed the most relevant increase from third to 12th day post-infection. A high number of B lymphocytes were present on 15th day post-infection, and an increase in memory T cells was observed on sixth day post-infection. The levels of NO increased at day 10 post-infection; no significant influence was observed on<jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>clearance. Increased viability of<jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>was observed when the NETs inhibitors, metformin and Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>amidine, were administrated, highlighting the importance of this mechanism to control parasite infection (43 and 86%, respectively). This report presents a comprehensive cell count of the immune cells participating against trichomoniasis in an<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>interaction system. These data highlight the relevance of innate mechanisms such as specific population changes of innate immune cells and their impact on the<jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>viability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182021001311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T11:01:57Z","timestamp":1628506917000},"page":"1624-1635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Immune cell arrival kinetics to peritoneum and role during murine-experimental trichomoniasis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"F. J.","family":"Rangel-Mata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2011-688X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. 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