{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T22:01:34Z","timestamp":1791583294021,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"funder":[{"name":"PAPIIT-UNAM","award":["IN207219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN207219"]}]},{"name":"PAPIIT-UNAM","award":["IN212621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN212621"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["A1-S-21694"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A1-S-21694"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trematode taxonomy is mainly based on the morphological traits of adults. The identification of metacercariae is challenging because such traits are not developed in larval forms, and they even may show some level of morphological variability. Studies testing the potential correspondence between morphological differences and genetic variation of parasites are still lacking. The metacercariae of <jats:italic>Posthodiplostomum minimum<\/jats:italic> are probably the diplostomids more widely distributed in North and Middle American freshwater fish, and their intraspecific morphological variability has been attributed to the effect exerted by the host. Here, we tested the hypothesis whether they represent a single species, or a species complex by assessing the genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships of metacercariae sampled from several host species in a wide geographical range across Middle America. The internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), and the mitochondrial COI gene were sequenced for 124 and 55 metacercariae, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis inferred from ITS sequences uncovered six well-supported monophyletic lineages. The six lineages show no correspondence to any <jats:italic>Posthodiplostomum<\/jats:italic> species for which sequences are available thus far in GenBank. Lineages exhibit some degree of host specificity; Lineages I, II, IV and V are primarily parasites of cyprinodontiforms of the families Poeciliidae, Goodeidae, Profundulidae and Fundulidae. In poeciliids there are at least four candidate species of <jats:italic>Posthodiplostomum<\/jats:italic>, some of them occurring in sympatry; instead, Lineages II and VI are exclusively parasites of cichlids. This study contributes to our understanding of the diversity of larval forms of diplostomids and provides an opportunity to further study their life cycles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182021001748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T18:26:37Z","timestamp":1634581597000},"page":"239-252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Assessing the genetic diversity of the metacercariae of <i>Posthodiplostomum minimum<\/i> (Trematoda: Diplostomidae) in Middle American freshwater fishes: one species or more?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"149","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6472-5113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"P\u00e9rez-Ponce de Le\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana L.","family":"Sereno-Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos D.","family":"Pinacho-Pinacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7050-8825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Garc\u00eda-Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref58","first-page":"257","article-title":"Infec\u00e7\u00e3o natural de Poecilia reticulata (Actinopterygii: Poeciliidae) por metacerc\u00e1rias na represa da Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil","volume":"38","author":"Pinto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Boletin Instituto de Pesca"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref2","first-page":"42","article-title":"Larval helminths parasitizing freshwater fishes from the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua","volume":"68","author":"Aguirre-Macedo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comparative Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7591\/9781501735059"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msn083"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.06.003"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/13-394.1"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-6168-0"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref17","unstructured":"Fernandes, BMM , Justo, MCN , C\u00e1rdenas, MQ and Cohen, SC (2015) South American trematode parasites of birds and mammals. Fund\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, p. 544."},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016001517"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X15000917"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref14","first-page":"259","article-title":"Synopsis des Strigeidae et des Diplostomatidae (Trematoda)","volume":"10","author":"Dubois","year":"1970","journal-title":"M\u00e9moires del Soci\u00e9te Neuch\u00e2teloise des Sciences Naturelles"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.08.012"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref1","first-page":"XX","article-title":"Molecular phylogeny of Diplostomum, Tylodelphys, Austrodiplostomum and Paralaria (Digenea: Diplostomidae) necessitates systematic changes and reveals a history of evolutionary host switching events","volume":"XX","author":"Achatz","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3283989"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref3","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3222816"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851995472.0167"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref36","first-page":"142","article-title":"Studies in helminthology","volume":"1","author":"MacCallum","year":"1921","journal-title":"Zoopatological"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref28","first-page":"235","article-title":"Hallazgo de Posthodiplostomum minimum (MacCallum, 1921) Dubois 1936 (Trematoda: Diplostomatidae) en Egretta thula en M\u00e9xico","volume":"57","author":"Lamothe","year":"1986","journal-title":"Anales del Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico Serie Zoolog\u00eda"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref38","volume-title":"Freshwater Fishes of Mexico","author":"Miller","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(93)90199-8"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00927629"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z02-198"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15560\/6.1.026"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/12-170.1"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(58)90004-3"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2015.07.001"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.2164.1.1"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00357-5"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.part.79670"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-18.1.51"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2239.1"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref49","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Ponce de Le\u00f3n, G (1992) Sistem\u00e1tica del g\u00e9nero Posthodiplostomum Dubois, 1936 y algunos aspectos epizootiol\u00f3gicos de la posthodiplostomiasis en el lago de P\u00e1tzcuaro, Michoac\u00e1n, M\u00e9xico (PhD Thesis). Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico."},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref61","unstructured":"Rambaut, A (2012) FigTree v1.4.0. Institute of Evolutionary Biology. University of Edinburgh, UK."},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(65)90069-X"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref21","first-page":"373","volume-title":"Guide to the Parasite of Fishes of Canada, Part IV. Trematoda","author":"Gibson","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X16000407"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref68","unstructured":"Spall, RD and Summerfelt, C (1970) Life cycle of the white grub, Posthodiplostomum minimum (MacCallum 1921: Trematoda, Diplostomatidae), and observations on host-parasite relationships of the metacercaria in fish. A symposium on diseases of fishes and shellfishes, Special Publication number 5, American Fisheries Society, Washington, D.C., pp. 218\u2013230."},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref42","first-page":"247","article-title":"Helmintos de Peces en P\u00e1tzcuaro, Michoac\u00e1n II: Estudio histopatol\u00f3gico de la lesi\u00f3n causada por metacercarias de Posthodiplostomum minimum (Trematoda: Diplostomatidae) en el h\u00edgado de Chirostoma estor","volume":"57","author":"Osorio-Sarabia","year":"1986","journal-title":"Anales del Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico Serie Zoolog\u00eda"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.1534.1.1"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(65)90073-1"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3272614"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.10.019"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X17000888"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/14-584.1"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2014.04.009"},{"key":"S0031182021001748_ref47","first-page":"375","article-title":"Host-induced morphological variations in the strigeoid trematode Posthodiplostomum minimum (Trematoda: Diplotomatidae). 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}