{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:34:18Z","timestamp":1793410458917,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635897600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/K01207X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/K01207X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010485","name":"Japan Student Services Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010485","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acquired immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes reduces during late pregnancy and lactation which is known as periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI). Protein supplementation reduces the degree of PPRI in a rat model re-infected with <jats:italic>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Here, we hypothesized that protein supplementation will enhance T helper type 2 immunity (Th2) in the lung and small intestine. Nulliparous Sprague-Dawley rats were given a primary infection of <jats:italic>N. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic> prior to mating and restrictedly fed diets with either low protein (LP) or high protein (HP) during pregnancy and lactation. Dams were secondary infected with <jats:italic>N. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic> on day 2 post-parturition, and histology and gene expression were analysed for tissue samples collected at days 5, 8 and 11. Genes related to Th2 immunity in the lung, <jats:italic>Retnla<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Il13<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Mmp12<\/jats:italic>, and in the intestine, <jats:italic>Retnlb<\/jats:italic>, were upregulated in HP dams compared to LP dams, which indicates the effect of dietary protein on Th2 immunity. HP dams also had increased splenic CD68<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> macrophage populations compared to LP dams following secondary infection, suggesting enhanced immunity at a cellular level. Our data assist to define strategic utilization of nutrient supply in mammals undergoing reproductive and lactational efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182021001876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T03:15:11Z","timestamp":1635909311000},"page":"337-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dietary protein supplementation results in molecular and cellular changes related to T helper type 2 immunity in the lung and small intestine in lactating rats re-infected with <i>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"149","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2980-9068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aya","family":"Masuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith E.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos G. M.","family":"Houdijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spiridoula","family":"Athanasiadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808722106"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.03.038"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16527"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(79)90010-9"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2011.587183"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737827"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180610"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-014-9947-5"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.22.6.483"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091268"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041391"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00502-09"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19970019"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.015"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20121999"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)32448-2"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2001.00353.x"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.23"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.7641216x"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.40"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy133"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.2000.5937"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007423"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01121.x"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3023"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003662"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202001000"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41110-016-0006-x"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2011.01.011"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.042"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2628"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.05.014"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2001.112963"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020771"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2015.02.002"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.05.007"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000371"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80477-X"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2003961"},{"key":"S0031182021001876_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601485"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182021001876","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T09:22:01Z","timestamp":1646904121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182021001876\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-part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\u00a9 The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}