{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T08:08:09Z","timestamp":1772611689358,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650499200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the importance of angiostrongyliasis as an emerging infectious disease of humans, companion animals, and wildlife, the current study focused on the transmission dynamics of first- and third-stage larvae of the parasitic nematode, <jats:italic>Angiostrongylus cantonensis<\/jats:italic>. The migration of infective larvae and their subsequent distribution within the Lymnaeidae snail, <jats:italic>Bullastra lessoni<\/jats:italic>, were investigated over time using microscopic examination of histological sections and fresh tissue. Snails were divided into four anatomical regions: (i) anterior and (ii) posterior cephalopedal masses, (iii) mantle skirt and (iv) visceral mass. The viability of free-swimming third-stage larvae, after their release from snail tissues, was evaluated <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> by propidium iodide staining and infectivity by <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> infection of Wistar rats. Snails were sequentially dissected over time to assess the number and anatomical distribution of larvae within each snail and hence infer their migration pathway. Herein, ongoing larval migratory activity was detected over 28 days post-infection. A comparison of infection rates and the larval distribution within the four designated snail regions demonstrated a significant relationship between anatomical region and density of infective larvae, with larvae mostly distributed in the anterior cephalopedal mass (43.6 \u00b1 10.8%) and the mantle skirt (33.0 \u00b1 8.8%). Propidium iodide staining showed that free-swimming third-stage larvae retained viability for between 4 and 8 weeks when stored under laboratory conditions. In contrast to viability, larval infectivity in rats remained for up to 2 weeks only. Knowledge gained from the current work could provide information on the development of new approaches to controlling the transmission of this parasite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182022000488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T09:21:19Z","timestamp":1650532879000},"page":"1034-1044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Host transmission dynamics of first- and third-stage <i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis<\/i> larvae in <i>Bullastra lessoni<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"149","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4388-9861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung Yu","family":"Pai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wieland","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fraser 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