{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:28:55Z","timestamp":1791433735866,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653004800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate the genotypic distribution of canine echinococcosis worldwide. Studies published from the inception until 21 May 2021 were screened, relevant articles were selected and the random-effect model was used to draw forest plots with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Totally, 44 articles were included, mostly examined dogs (37 records), followed by wolf (8 records), jackal (7 records), fox (3 records), pump fox (3 records) and coyote (1 record). <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic> sensu stricto (G1\u2013G3) and G6\/7 cluster of <jats:italic>Echinococcus canadensis<\/jats:italic> were the most common genotypes among canids. Most studies were conducted in Asia and Europe with 17 and 15 datasets, respectively. Exclusively, Iran possessed the highest number of studies (10 records). Meta-analysis showed that the pooled molecular prevalence of echinococcosis was 33.82% (95% CI 24.50\u201343.83%). Also, the highest and lowest prevalence of canine echinococcosis was calculated for South America (66.03%; 95% CI 25.67\u201395.85%) and Europe (19.01%; 95% CI 9.95\u201330.16%). Additionally, there were statistically significant differences between the global prevalence of echinococcosis in canines and publication year, continent, country, sample type, host and molecular test. These findings will elevate our knowledge on the poorly known canine echinococcosis worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182022000658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T05:23:42Z","timestamp":1653024222000},"page":"1147-1159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Global distribution of <i>Echinococcus granulosus<\/i> genotypes in domestic and wild canids: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"149","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7124-4908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morteza","family":"Shams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasan","family":"Khazaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6946-9083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Razi","family":"Naserifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Ali","family":"Shariatzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1021-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davood","family":"Anvari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fattaneh","family":"Montazeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Pirestani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Majidiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.04.004","article-title":"Echinococcus ortleppi and E. granulosus G1, G2 and G3 genotypes in Italian bovines","volume":"155","author":"Casulli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0317","article-title":"Short report: genetic variation of Echinococcus canadensis (G7) in Mexico","volume":"91","author":"Rodriguez-Prado","year":"2014","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.03.033","article-title":"First insights into species and genotypes of Echinococcus in South Africa","volume":"196","author":"Mogoye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2262","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002262","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus cysts in north Indian patients: identification of G1, G3, G5 and G6 genotypes","volume":"7","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.05.026","article-title":"Molecular genetic characterization of different isolates of Echinococcus granulosus in east and southeast regions of Turkey","volume":"107","author":"Utuk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.11.003","article-title":"Echinococcus canadensis, E. borealis, and E. intermedius. What's in a name?","volume":"31","author":"Lymbery","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.03.002","article-title":"Genetic variability of Echinococcus granulosus complex in various geographical populations of Iran inferred by mitochondrial DNA sequences","volume":"165","author":"Spotin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02420-15","article-title":"Cystic echinococcosis","volume":"54","author":"Agudelo Higuita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref74","first-page":"114","article-title":"Prevalence and morphological characterisation of Echinococcus granulosus larvae in some livestock from the South areas of Romania","volume":"56","author":"Mitrea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scientific Works-University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest Series C, Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2005.11.031","article-title":"Echinococcus granulosus in Australia, widespread and doing well!","volume":"55","author":"Jenkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref69","first-page":"1","article-title":"Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes in different hosts worldwide: a systematic review","volume":"67","author":"Manterola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Parasitologica"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(74)90028-9","article-title":"In vitro culture of the strobilar stage of Echinococcus granulosus (sheep strain): a review of basic problems and results","volume":"4","author":"Smyth","year":"1974","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0796-3","article-title":"First report of highly pathogenic Echinococcus granulosus genotype G1 in dogs in a European urban environment","volume":"8","author":"Laurimaa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites and Vectors"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.11.018","article-title":"Infection of humans and animals with Echinococcus granulosus (G1 and G3 strains) and E. ortleppi in Southern Brazil","volume":"177","author":"de la Rue","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.04.023","article-title":"New mitogenome and nuclear evidence on the phylogeny and taxonomy of the highly zoonotic tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto","volume":"52","author":"Kinkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.67.296","article-title":"Molecular genetic characterization of an unusually severe case of hydatid disease in Alaska caused by the cervid strain of Echinococcus granulosus","volume":"67","author":"McManus","year":"2002","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.09.006","article-title":"The echinococcoses: diagnosis, clinical management and burden of disease","volume":"96","author":"Kern","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118202000058X","article-title":"Filarial worms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diversity in animals from Iran with emphasis on human cases","volume":"147","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.03.003","article-title":"Morphological and molecular characteristics of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus mixed infection in a dog from Xinjiang, China","volume":"139","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2478\/jvetres-2018-0061","article-title":"Preliminary studies on the prevalence and genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus infection in stray dogs in Van Province, Turkey","volume":"62","author":"Oguz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3859-z","article-title":"Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus in canines in North-Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran, identified using morphology and genetic characterization of mitochondrial DNA","volume":"12","author":"Heidari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasites and Vectors"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013000565","article-title":"Mitochondrial phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae) with emphasis on relationships among Echinococcus canadensis genotypes","volume":"140","author":"Nakao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.10.006","article-title":"Let's not forget the thinkers","volume":"29","author":"Thompson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13571","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of Echinococcus spp. in wild and domestic animals across Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Ohiolei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.12.027","article-title":"First report of Echinococcus granulosus (genotype G6) in a dog in Bamako, Mali","volume":"217","author":"Mauti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.07.001","article-title":"Echinococcus granulosus cattle strain identification in an autochthonous case of cystic echinococcosis in central Mexico","volume":"92","author":"Maravilla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imu.2020.100464","article-title":"Multi-epitope vaccine against cystic echinococcosis using immunodominant epitopes from EgA31 and EgG1Y162 antigens","volume":"21","author":"Nourmohammadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Informatics in Medicine Unlocked"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000076332","article-title":"Molecular genetic characterization of the cervid strain (\u2018northern form\u2019) of Echinococcus granulosus","volume":"109","author":"Bowles","year":"1994","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.08.008","article-title":"Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes infecting humans \u2013 review of current knowledge","volume":"44","author":"Rojas","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref31","first-page":"47","article-title":"Genotyping of hydatid cyst isolated from human and domestic animals in Ilam Province, Western Iran using PCR-RFLP","volume":"8","author":"Dousti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref106","article-title":"Insemination-fertilization problem in cestodes cultured in vitro","author":"Smyth","year":"1982","journal-title":"Aspects of Parasitology: A Festschrift Dedicated to the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Institute of Parasitology of McGill University\/Edited by E. Meerovitch"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref45","first-page":"50","article-title":"Taeniid species of the Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus) in Portugal with special focus on Echinococcus spp","volume":"2","author":"Guerra","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1025-9","article-title":"The first morphometric and phylogenetic perspective on molecular epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in stray dogs in a hyperendemic Middle East focus, northwestern Iran","volume":"8","author":"Shariatzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites and Vectors"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.10.022","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sl cysts from cattle, camels, goats and pigs in Ethiopia","volume":"215","author":"Tigre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref46","first-page":"57","article-title":"Genotype characterization of hydatid cysts isolated from Zanjan using PCR-RFLP technique","volume":"21","author":"Haniloo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X18000275","article-title":"Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in Iran: a systematic review","volume":"93","author":"Khademvatan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Helminthology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref40","first-page":"186","article-title":"Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto in dogs and jackals from Caspian sea region, northern Iran","volume":"11","author":"Gholami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2020.58.2.205","article-title":"Phylogenetic characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in Uzbekistan","volume":"58","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Korean Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10070853","article-title":"The first record of Echinococcus ortleppi (G5) tapeworms in grey wolf (Canis lupus)","volume":"10","author":"Karamon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2020024","article-title":"International consensus on terminology to be used in the field of echinococcoses","volume":"27","author":"Vuitton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2018.01.025","article-title":"The seroprevalence rate and population genetic structure of human cystic echinococcosis in the Middle East: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Galeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X17000463","article-title":"Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Khalkhali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Helminthology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X1200051X","article-title":"Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus from domestic animals and humans from Ardabil Province, northwest Iran","volume":"87","author":"Pezeshki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Helminthology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06261-6","article-title":"Identification and molecular characterization of Echinococcus canadensis G6\/7 in dogs from Corsica, France","volume":"118","author":"Grech-Angelini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013001030","article-title":"Echinococcus species from red foxes, corsac foxes, and wolves in Mongolia","volume":"140","author":"Ito","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.02.015","article-title":"A survey of Echinococcus species in wild carnivores and livestock in East Africa","volume":"39","author":"H\u00fcttner","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12647","article-title":"Cystic echinococcosis in South America: systematic review of species and genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in humans and natural domestic hosts","volume":"21","author":"Cucher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and International Health"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.104714","article-title":"Bioinformatics features and immunogenic epitopes of Echinococcus granulosus Myophilin as a promising target for vaccination against cystic echinococcosis","volume":"89","author":"Shams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.7589\/2017-05-119","article-title":"Confirmation of Echinococcus canadensis G8 and G10 in Idaho Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) and cervids","volume":"54","author":"Cerda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/tru138","article-title":"Genetic variability and haplotypes of Echinococcus isolates from Tunisia","volume":"108","author":"Boufana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2010.11.001","article-title":"A first insight into the genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus from humans in Mongolia","volume":"25","author":"Jabbar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Probes"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70134-2","article-title":"Prevention and control of cystic echinococcosis","volume":"7","author":"Craig","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2012.05.014","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto in the Middle East","volume":"61","author":"Yanagida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009426","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009426","article-title":"Past and present of cystic echinococcosis in Bolivia","volume":"15","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182008004198","article-title":"First report of Echinococcus granulosus G8 in Eurasia and a reappraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of \u2018genotypes\u2019 G5-G10","volume":"135","author":"Moks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref27","first-page":"614","article-title":"Genotyping Echinococcus granulosus from canine isolates in Ilam province, west of Iran","volume":"12","author":"Dalimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2249","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002249","article-title":"A systematic review of the epidemiology of echinococcosis in domestic and wild animals","volume":"7","author":"Otero-Abad","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2005.11.028","article-title":"The present situation of echinococcosis in Europe","volume":"55","author":"Romig","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.09.027","article-title":"A review of the global prevalence, molecular epidemiology and economics of cystic echinococcosis in production animals","volume":"192","author":"Cardona","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref32","first-page":"323","article-title":"Molecular studies on cystic echinococcosis of camel (Camelus dromedarius) and report of Echinococcus ortleppi in Iran","volume":"12","author":"Ebrahimipour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref100","first-page":"111","article-title":"Determination of genotype isolates of human and sheep hydatid cyst in Ilam","volume":"23","author":"Shamsi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-019-1326-y","article-title":"Detection of selected pathogens in Apennine wolf (Canis lupus italicus) by a non-invasive GPS-based telemetry sampling of two packs from Majella National Park, Italy","volume":"65","author":"Di Francesco","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Wildlife Research"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00075","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00075-18","article-title":"Echinococcosis: advances in the 21st century","volume":"32","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.06.008","article-title":"Cystic echinococcosis in Argentina: evolution of metacestode and clinical expression in various Echinococcus granulosus strains","volume":"92","author":"Guarnera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60071-8","article-title":"Variation in Echinococcus: towards a taxonomic revision of the genus","volume":"35","author":"Thompson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Advances in Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2008.04.016","article-title":"The taxonomy, phylogeny and transmission of Echinococcus","volume":"119","author":"Thompson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X07787564","article-title":"Echinococcus granulosus from Mexican pigs is the same strain as that in Polish pigs","volume":"81","author":"Cruz-Reyes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Helminthology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.06.008","article-title":"Evidence that the Echinococcus granulosus G6 genotype has an affinity for the brain in humans","volume":"43","author":"Sadjjadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.02.001","article-title":"Implementation of new tools in molecular epidemiology studies of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in South America","volume":"66","author":"Avila","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref47","first-page":"367","article-title":"Molecular and morphological characterization of Echinococcus granulosus of human and animal origin in Iran","volume":"125","author":"Harandi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2019-0023","article-title":"Determination of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in livestock slaughtered in Shush County, Southwest Iran using PCR-RFLP","volume":"56","author":"Fallahizadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref5","first-page":"134","article-title":"Molecular and genotyping identification of Echinococcus granulosus from camel and dog isolates in Isfahan, Iran (2015\u20132016)","volume":"21","author":"Arbabi","year":"2017","journal-title":"KAUMS Journal (FEYZ)"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1179\/136485909X440836","article-title":"Echinococcus in the wild carnivores and stray dogs of northern Tunisia: the results of a pilot survey","volume":"103","author":"Lahmar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.07.035","article-title":"Taxonomy and molecular epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato","volume":"213","author":"Romig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.11.011","article-title":"Echinococcosis in pigs and intestinal infection with Echinococcus spp. in dogs in southwestern Lithuania","volume":"160","author":"Bru\u017einskait\u0117","year":"2009","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.07.028","article-title":"Echinococcus granulosus: epidemiology and state-of-the-art of diagnostics in animals","volume":"213","author":"Craig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.05.023","article-title":"Echinococcus and Taenia spp. from captive mammals in the United Kingdom","volume":"190","author":"Boufana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref67","article-title":"Our furry friends: the history of animal domestication","volume":"23","author":"Lear","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Young Investigators"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref42","first-page":"252","article-title":"The occurrence of taeniids of wolves in Liguria (northern Italy)","volume":"4","author":"Gori","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2019.05.001","article-title":"Prevalence of fasciolosis in livestock and humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis in Iran","volume":"65","author":"Khademvatan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref35","volume-title":"WHO\/OIE Manual on Echinococcosis in Humans and Animals: A Public Health Problem of Global Concern","author":"Eckert","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001920","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001920","article-title":"World Health Organization estimates of the global and regional disease burden of 11 foodborne parasitic diseases, 2010: a data synthesis","volume":"12","author":"Torgerson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2014.07.005","article-title":"Echinococcus as a model system: biology and epidemiology","volume":"44","author":"Thompson","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.739-745","article-title":"Epidemiological and molecular studies on Echinococcus granulosus from free-roaming dogs in Southeast Iran","volume":"13","author":"Keyhani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Veterinary World"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.08.009","article-title":"Echinococcosis\/hydatidosis: a severe threat in Mediterranean countries","volume":"174","author":"Dakkak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.325","article-title":"Two atypical cases of cystic echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus) in Alaska, 1999","volume":"66","author":"Castrodale","year":"2002","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-5851-5","article-title":"First detection of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1) in dogs in central Sudan","volume":"117","author":"Omer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X15000395","article-title":"Canine echinococcosis: genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (ss) from definitive hosts","volume":"89","author":"Boufana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Helminthology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02358-9","article-title":"Towards a taxonomic revision of the genus Echinococcus","volume":"18","author":"Thompson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2016.54.1.113","article-title":"Environmental contamination by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato eggs in relation to slaughterhouses in urban and rural areas in Tunisia","volume":"54","author":"Cha\u00e2bane-Banaoues","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Korean Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006712","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006712","article-title":"Echinococcus in wild canids in Qu\u00e9bec (Canada) and Maine (USA)","volume":"12","author":"Schurer","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref21","first-page":"84","article-title":"Echinococcus granulosus ss in dog \u2013 a report in center-northern Portugal","volume":"9","author":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","year":"2017","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref34","first-page":"72","article-title":"Echinococcosis in animals: clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment","author":"Eckert","year":"2001","journal-title":"WHO\/OIE Manual on Echinococcosis in Humans and Animals: A Public Health Problem of Global Concern"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2021.102316","article-title":"First description of the emergence of Echinococcus ortleppi (G5 genotype) in sheep and goats in Iran","volume":"83","author":"Gholami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.06.016","article-title":"The benefits of analysing complete mitochondrial genomes: deep insights into the phylogeny and population structure of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes G6 and G7","volume":"64","author":"Laurim\u00e4e","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0832-3","article-title":"Infection of dogs with Echinococcus granulosus: causes and consequences in an hyperendemic area","volume":"8","author":"Cha\u00e2bane-Banaoues","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites and Vectors"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.02.009","article-title":"Survey and first molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1) in Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus) in Buenos Aires province, Argentina","volume":"158","author":"Scioscia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.05.004","article-title":"Echinococcus ortleppi, the cattle strain in a crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata): a new host record","volume":"256","author":"Hod\u017ei\u0107","year":"2018","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref86","first-page":"97","article-title":"Echinococcus in dogs from Pretoria and vicinity","volume":"3","author":"Ortlepp","year":"1934","journal-title":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-004-1116-6","article-title":"Echinococcus granulosus strain typing in Bulgaria: the G1 genotype is predominant in intermediate and definitive wild hosts","volume":"93","author":"Breyer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182020001705","article-title":"The global status and genetic characterization of hydatidosis in camels (Camelus dromedarius): a systematic literature review with meta-analysis based on published papers","volume":"148","author":"Anvari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.07.014","article-title":"Emergence\/re-emergence of Echinococcus spp. \u2013 a global update","volume":"35","author":"Jenkins","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.03.029","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Echinococcus species in dogs from four regions of Kenya","volume":"255","author":"Mulinge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1024\/0036-7281.149.1.5","article-title":"Historical aspects of echinococcosis \u2013 an ancient but still relevant zoonosis","volume":"149","author":"Eckert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref103","first-page":"518","article-title":"Detection of patent infections of Echinococcus granulosus (\u2018sheep-strain\u2019, G1) in naturally infected dogs in Kosovo","volume":"124","author":"Sherifi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2014.10.005","article-title":"Echinococcus equinus and Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto from the United Kingdom: genetic diversity and haplotypic variation","volume":"45","author":"Boufana","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.07.010","article-title":"Genotyping Echinococcus granulosus from dogs from Western Iran","volume":"132","author":"Parsa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008519","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008519","article-title":"Epidemiological distribution of Echinococcus granulosus s. l. infection in human and domestic animal hosts in European Mediterranean and Balkan countries: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Tamarozzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1952-0","article-title":"First molecular identification of Echinococcus vogeli and Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) G1 revealed in feces of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) from Acre, Brazil","volume":"10","author":"das Neves","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasites and Vectors"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2010.07.003","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Echinococcus isolates indicates goats as reservoir for Echinococcus canadensis G6 genotype in Neuqu\u00e9n, Patagonia Argentina","volume":"59","author":"Soriano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.11.002","article-title":"Ecology and life cycle patterns of Echinococcus species","volume":"95","author":"Romig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.06.021","article-title":"Molecular and morphological characterisation of Echinococcus from food producing animals in India","volume":"165","author":"Pednekar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-2067-8","article-title":"Principal intestinal parasites of dogs in Tirana, Albania","volume":"108","author":"Xhaxhiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003934","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003934","article-title":"Incidence of Echinococcus granulosus in domestic dogs in Palestine as revealed by copro-PCR","volume":"9","author":"Al-Jawabreh","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.03.009","article-title":"Echinococcosis in wild carnivorous species: epidemiology, genotypic diversity, and implications for veterinary public health","volume":"202","author":"Carmena","year":"2014","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2019.05.005","article-title":"Molecular phylodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and Taenia hydatigena determined by mitochondrial Cox1 and SSU-rDNA markers in Iranian dogs: indicating the first record of pig strain (G7) in definitive host in the Middle East","volume":"65","author":"Mirbadie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005009170","article-title":"Molecular and morphological characterization of Echinococcus in cervids from North America","volume":"132","author":"Thompson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.2478\/s11687-014-0240-9","article-title":"Molecular detection of E. granulosus sheep strain (G1) infections in naturally infected dogs in Punjab (India)","volume":"51","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006001934","article-title":"A molecular phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes","volume":"134","author":"Nakao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.11.044","article-title":"First detection of Echinococcus granulosus G1 and G7 in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Romania using PCR and PCR-RFLP techniques","volume":"193","author":"Onac","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-1348(02)00131-4","article-title":"Several strains of Echinococcus granulosus infect livestock and humans in Argentina","volume":"2","author":"Kamenetzky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref38","first-page":"6","article-title":"Molecular identification of Echinococcus granulosus strain in stray dogs from northeastern Iran","volume":"9","author":"Ghabdian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"},{"key":"S0031182022000658_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(77)90069-4","article-title":"Strain differences in Echinococcus granulosus, with special reference to the status of equine hydatidosis in the United Kingdom","volume":"71","author":"Smyth","year":"1977","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182022000658","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T09:02:01Z","timestamp":1666342921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182022000658\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182022000658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182022000658","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}