{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T17:14:32Z","timestamp":1788023672559,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant 2018\/14972-8 for BSS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant 2018\/14972-8 for BSS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["scholarship 2019\/02391-3 for GRB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["scholarship 2019\/02391-3 for GRB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp. are parasitic protozoa that cause leishmaniasis, a disease endemic in 98 countries. <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> promastigotes are transmitted by the vector and differentiate into amastigotes within phagocytic cells of the vertebrate host. To survive in multiple and hostile environments, the parasite has several virulence factors. Oligopeptidase B (OPB) is a serine peptidase present in prokaryotes, some eukaryotes and some higher plants. It has been considered a virulence factor in trypanosomatids, but only a few studies, performed with Old World species, analysed its role in <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> virulence or infectivity.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>amazonensis<\/jats:italic> is an important agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. The <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>amazonensis<\/jats:italic> OPB encoding gene has been sequenced and analysed <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> but has never been expressed. In this work, we produced recombinant <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>amazonensis<\/jats:italic> OPB and showed that its pH preferences, <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> and inhibition patterns are similar to those reported for <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>major<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>donovani<\/jats:italic> OPBs. Since <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> is known to secrete OPB, we performed <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> infection assays using the recombinant enzyme. Our results showed that active OPB increased <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> infection by <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>amazonensis<\/jats:italic> when present before and throughout infection. Our findings suggest that OPB is relevant to <jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>L.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>amazonensis<\/jats:italic> infection, and that potential drugs acting through OPB will probably be effective for Old and New World <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> species. OPB inhibitors may eventually be explored for leishmaniasis chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182022000816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T08:55:20Z","timestamp":1655283320000},"page":"1411-1418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Characterization of <i>Leishmania<\/i> (<i>L.<\/i>) <i>amazonensis<\/i> oligopeptidase B and its role in macrophage infection"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Gustavo Rolim","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro Roberto","family":"Marana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7661-3311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz Simonsen","family":"Stolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182022000816_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.056465","article-title":"An exosome-based secretion pathway is responsible for protein export from Leishmania and communication with macrophages","volume":"123","author":"Silverman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"S0031182022000816_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0630-8","article-title":"Oligopeptidase B from Leishmania amazonensis: molecular cloning, gene expression analysis and molecular model","volume":"101","author":"de Matos Guedes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"S0031182022000816_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.4.1746","article-title":"The Leishmania mexicana cysteine protease, CPB2.8, induces potent Th2 responses","volume":"170","author":"Pollock","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182022000816_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00238-3","article-title":"Leishmania model for microbial virulence: the relevance of parasite multiplication and pathoantigenicity","volume":"85","author":"Chang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0031182022000816_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.05.045","article-title":"Pathogenicity and protective immunogenicity of cysteine proteinase-deficient mutants of Leishmania mexicana in non-murine models","volume":"24","author":"Saravia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"S0031182022000816_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)40882-X","article-title":"Protease II from Escherichia coli. 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