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While the diversity and taxonomy of this genus are receiving increasing attention in molecular phylogenetic studies, available data remain geographically biased. Most molecular studies of <jats:italic>Posthodiplostomum<\/jats:italic> and morphologically similar (neascus) worms originate in North America and Europe and Asia (more than 60% of DNA sequences are from USA and Canada), with few data currently available from the Neotropics, where high host diversity suggests high and under-sampled parasite diversity. In this study, we report molecular and morphological data from metacercariae of <jats:italic>Posthodiplostomum<\/jats:italic> in fish in Puerto Rico, where only a single species has been previously reported. Partial sequences of cytochrome <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> oxidase subunit 1 from metacercariae from <jats:italic>Dajaus monticola<\/jats:italic> (native to Puerto Rico) and the introduced fishes <jats:italic>Poecilia reticulata<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Parachromis managuensis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lepomis macrochirus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Micropterus salmoides<\/jats:italic> revealed 7 genetically distinct species-level lineages, of which 4 were novel. We report novel molecular life-cycle linkages in <jats:italic>Posthodiplostomum macrocotyle<\/jats:italic> (metacercariae in muscle of the cichlid <jats:italic>Pa. managuensis<\/jats:italic>), a species previously known only from adults in birds from South America; and in <jats:italic>Posthodiplostomum<\/jats:italic> sp. 23 (metacercariae in poeciliids), which has recently been found in <jats:italic>Ardea herodias<\/jats:italic> in Georgia, USA. We also report the first molecular data from <jats:italic>Posthodiplostomum<\/jats:italic> sp. 8 in <jats:italic>M. salmoides<\/jats:italic> in the Caribbean. Metacercariae of most species were morphologically distinguished and all displayed narrow specificity for fish hosts, with no indication of parasite sharing among introduced and native fishes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182022001214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T06:16:38Z","timestamp":1661321798000},"page":"1894-1909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["First integrative study of the diversity and specificity of metacercariae of <i>Posthodiplostomum<\/i> Dubois, 1936 from native and introduced fishes in the Caribbean"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Sandra C.","family":"D\u00edaz Pernett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4488-7566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara V.","family":"Brant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0044-8510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean A.","family":"Locke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182022001214_ref5","first-page":"185","article-title":"Biodiversity of fish parasites from Guandu River, Southeastern Brazil: an ecological approach","volume":"5","author":"Azevedo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neotropical Helminthology"},{"key":"S0031182022001214_ref22","first-page":"7","article-title":"The trematodes of the far-east-mullet-pelingas (Mugil soiuy) in the Azov Sea aquatories","volume":"34","author":"Domitch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vestnik Zoologii"},{"key":"S0031182022001214_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3280624"},{"key":"S0031182022001214_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.8.754"},{"key":"S0031182022001214_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182022000282"},{"key":"S0031182022001214_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3785.2.8"},{"key":"S0031182022001214_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2006.08.012"},{"key":"S0031182022001214_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/zse.90.7306"},{"key":"S0031182022001214_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8446-34.11.546"},{"key":"S0031182022001214_ref84","first-page":"142","article-title":"Diversity of helminth parasites of freshwater fish in the headwaters of the Coatzacoalcos River, in Oaxaca, Mexico","volume":"12","author":"Salgado-Maldonado","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife"},{"key":"S0031182022001214_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3391\/bir.2020.9.1.19"},{"key":"S0031182022001214_ref90","unstructured":"Sowersby, WG (2017) Behavioural and Morphological Variation in Neotropical Cichlid Fishes (Thesis). 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