{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T16:29:12Z","timestamp":1781022552526,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastrointestinal nematodes threaten the productivity of grazing livestock and anthelmintic resistance has emerged globally. It is broadly understood that wild ruminants living in sympatry with livestock act as a positive source of <jats:italic>refugia<\/jats:italic> for anthelmintic-susceptible nematodes. However, they might also act as <jats:italic>reservoirs<\/jats:italic> of anthelmintic-resistant nematodes, contributing to the spread of anthelmintic resistance at a regional scale. Here, we sampled managed sheep and cattle together with feral goats within the same property in New South Wales, Australia. Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) nemabiome metabarcoding identified 12 gastrointestinal nematodes (<jats:italic>Cooperia oncophora<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cooperia punctata<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Haemonchus placei<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Nematodirus spathiger<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ostertagia ostertagi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Teladorsagia circumcincta<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Oesophagostomum radiatum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Oesophagostomum venulosum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Trichostrongylus axei<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Trichostrongylus colubriformis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Trichostrongylus rugatus<\/jats:italic>). Isotype-1 <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-tubulin metabarcoding targeting benzimidazole resistance polymorphisms identified 6 of these nematode species (<jats:italic>C. oncophora<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>C. punctata<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>H. placei<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>O. ostertagi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. circumcincta<\/jats:italic>), with the remaining 3 genera unable to be identified to the species level (<jats:italic>Nematodirus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Oesophagostomum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Trichostrongylus<\/jats:italic>). Both ITS-2 and <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-tubulin metabarcoding showed the presence of a cryptic species of <jats:italic>T. circumcincta<\/jats:italic>, known from domestic goats in France. Of the gastrointestinal nematodes detected <jats:italic>via \u03b2<\/jats:italic>-tubulin metabarcoding, <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>T. circumcincta<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Nematodirus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Trichostrongylus<\/jats:italic> exhibited the presence of at least one resistance genotype. We found that generalist gastrointestinal nematodes in untreated feral goats had a similarly high frequency of the benzimidazole-resistant F200Y polymorphism as those nematodes in sheep and cattle. This suggests cross-transmission and maintenance of the resistant genotype within the wild ruminant population, affirming that wild ruminants should be considered potential reservoirs of anthelmintic resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182023000380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T08:54:08Z","timestamp":1683795248000},"page":"672-682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Refugia or reservoir? Feral goats and their role in the maintenance and circulation of benzimidazole-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes on shared pastures"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Emily Kate","family":"Francis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1459-9117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"\u0160lapeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref42","first-page":"242","article-title":"Generalists at the interface: nematode transmission between wild and domestic ungulates","volume":"3","author":"Walker","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife"},{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2022.0057"},{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.04.007"},{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref26","first-page":"51","article-title":"Refugia and anthelmintic resistance: concepts and challenges","volume":"10","author":"Hodgkinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance"},{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869"},{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref6","first-page":"38","article-title":"Simulation of pasture larval populations of Haemonchus contortus","volume":"9","author":"Barger","year":"1972","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production"},{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2020.10.007"},{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2017.067"},{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-019-1351-x"},{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05087-5"},{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref37","first-page":"92","article-title":"Development of amplicon sequencing for the analysis of benzimidazole resistance allele frequencies in field populations of gastrointestinal nematodes","volume":"10","author":"Sargison","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance"},{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.2985"},{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref33","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Australian Standard Diagnostic Techniques for Animal Diseases","volume":"46","author":"Lyndal-Murphy","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851994215.0000"},{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(97)00036-8"},{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref17","first-page":"189","article-title":"Shared Pastures and Anthelmintic Resistance in Wildlife and Livestock.","volume":"82","author":"Csivincsik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus"},{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109033"},{"key":"S0031182023000380_ref18","unstructured":"DPI (2022) Feral goat biology and distribution. 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}