{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T21:20:12Z","timestamp":1785878412444,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011096","name":"Philippine Council for Health Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011096","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bovines are important reservoir hosts of schistosomiasis, placing humans and animals in rice fields areas at risk of infection. This study reported the prevailing infection of zoonotic parasites from bovine feces in the rice fields adjacent to Lake Mainit, Philippines. Formalin Ethyl Acetate Sedimentation was performed on 124 bovine fecal samples from rice fields and documented eggs and cysts from seven parasites: <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum, Fasciola gigantica, Ascaris<\/jats:italic> sp., <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> sp., <jats:italic>Balantidium coli,<\/jats:italic> coccidian oocyst and a hookworm species. Among these parasites, <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic> harboured the highest infection with a 100% prevalence rate, followed by hookworms (51.61%), <jats:italic>B. coli<\/jats:italic> (30.64%) and <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> (12.09%), respectively. The intensity of infection of <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> eggs per gram (MPEG = 4.19) among bovines is categorized as \u2018light.\u2019 Bovine contamination index (BCI) calculations revealed that, on average, infected bovines in rice fields excrete 104 750 <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> eggs daily. However, across all ricefield stations, bovines were heavily infected with fascioliasis with BCI at 162 700 <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic> eggs per day. The study reports that apart from the persistent cases of schistosomiasis in the area, bovines in these rice fields are also heavily infected with fascioliasis. The study confirms the critical role of bovines as a reservoir host for continued infection of schistosomiasis, fascioliasis and other diseases in the rice fields of Lake Mainit. Immediate intervention to manage the spread of these diseases in bovines is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182023000537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T06:39:54Z","timestamp":1690439994000},"page":"786-791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The prevailing infection of <i>Schistosoma japonicum<\/i> and other zoonotic parasites in bubaline reservoir hosts in the ricefield of lake ecosystem: the case of Lake Mainit, Philippines"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"150","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9300-6086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo A.","family":"Esta\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joycelyn C.","family":"Jumawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182023000537_ref4","unstructured":"Bokhari, AM (2021) Ascariasis. 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Ethiopia","volume":"1","author":"Aragaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Veterinary Animal Sciences"},{"key":"S0031182023000537_ref15","first-page":"651","article-title":"Schistosomiasis in the Philippines: challenges and some successes in control","volume":"47","author":"Leonardo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine"},{"key":"S0031182023000537_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-021-01372-3"},{"key":"S0031182023000537_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001053"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182023000537","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T10:08:10Z","timestamp":1692353290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182023000537\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182023000537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182023000537","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. 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