{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T21:09:00Z","timestamp":1778274540563,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007583","name":"Alberta Conservation Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007583","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individual hosts are often co-infected with multiple parasite species. Evidence from theoretical and empirical studies supports the idea that co-occurring parasites can impact each other and their hosts <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> synergistic or antagonistic interactions. The fundamental aim of understanding the consequences of co-infection to hosts and parasites requires an understanding of patterns of species co-occurrence within samples of hosts. We censused parasite assemblages in 755 adult, male fathead minnows collected from 7 lakes\/ponds in southern Alberta, Canada between 2018 and 2020. Fifteen species of endoparasites infected fathead minnows, 98% of which were co-infected with between 2 and 9 parasite species (mean species richness: 4.4 \u00b1 1.4). Non-random pairwise associations were detected within the overall parasite community. There were particularly strong, positive associations in the occurrences and intensities of the 2 congeneric larval trematodes <jats:italic>Ornithodiplostomum<\/jats:italic> sp. and <jats:italic>Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus<\/jats:italic> that comprised &gt;96% of the 100 000+ parasites counted in the total sample of minnows. Furthermore, the occurrence of <jats:italic>Ornithodiplostomum<\/jats:italic> sp. was a strong predictor of the occurrence of <jats:italic>O. ptychocheilus<\/jats:italic>, and vice versa. Positive covariation in the intensities of these 2 dominants likely arises from their shared use of physid snails as first intermediate hosts in these waterbodies. These 2 species represent a predictable and non-random component within the complex assemblage of parasites of fathead minnows in this region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182023000859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T15:08:33Z","timestamp":1694704113000},"page":"1006-1014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A congeneric and non-randomly associated pair of larval trematodes dominates the assemblage of co-infecting parasites in fathead minnows (<i>Pimephales promelas<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"150","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8744-5904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah V.","family":"Hirtle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangwook","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cameron P.","family":"Goater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.12100"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019000192"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/10-0570.1"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-016-9649-5"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref29","first-page":"77","volume-title":"A Century of Parasitology","author":"Marcogliese","year":"2016"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.04.018"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006703927711"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2454.1"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/iee.v1i0.7346"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4590-0"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/Z07-112"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00109-1"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009005794"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.568"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000060935"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1190333"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Freshwater fishes of Canada","volume":"184","author":"Scott","year":"1973","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21706-2"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2010.06597.x"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfas-2020-0315"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/426871"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X01000518"},{"key":"S0031182023000859_ref34","unstructured":"Oksanen, J , Guillaume Blanchet, F , Friendly, M , Kindt, R , Legendre, P , McGlinn, D , Minchin, PR , O'Hara, RB , Simpson, GL , Solymos, P , Stevens, MHH , Szoecs, E and Wagner, H (2020) vegan: Community Ecology Package. 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