{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T01:33:52Z","timestamp":1776476032908,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701216000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["173131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["173131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recently, there have been epidemics of human cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in Kyrgyzstan. This study investigated 2 districts for the presence of <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic> s.l. and <jats:italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/jats:italic> eggs; species identity was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction in dog feces and the level of environmental contamination with parasite eggs in 2017\u20132018 was also investigated. In the Alay district 5 villages with a high reported annual incidence of AE of 162 cases per 100 000 and 5 villages in the Kochkor district which had a much lower incidence of 21 cases per 100 000 were investigated. However, the proportion of dog feces containing <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic> s.l. eggs was ~4.2 and ~3.5% in Alay and Kochkor respectively. For <jats:italic>E. multilocularis<\/jats:italic>, the corresponding proportions were 2.8 and 3.2%. Environmental contamination of <jats:italic>Echinococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. eggs was estimated using the McMaster technique for fecal egg counts, weight and density of canine feces. The level of environmental contamination with <jats:italic>E. multilocularis<\/jats:italic> eggs was similar at 4.4 and 5.0 eggs per m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in Alay and Kochkor respectively. The corresponding values for <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic> s.l. were 8.3 and 7.5 eggs per m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. There was no association between village or district level incidence of human AE or CE and the proportion of dog feces containing eggs of <jats:italic>Echinococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. or the level of environmental contamination. Increased contamination of taeniid eggs occured in the autumn, after the return of farmers with dogs from summer mountain pastures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118202300118x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T06:25:47Z","timestamp":1701239147000},"page":"84-92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Environmental distribution of <i>Echinococcus<\/i>- and <i>Taenia<\/i> spp.-contaminated dog feces in Kyrgyzstan"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7524-4278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kubanychbek K.","family":"Abdykerimov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1968-6543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp A.","family":"Kronenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myktybek","family":"Isaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4612-1452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Paternoster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1118-5405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Deplazes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4277-9983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul R.","family":"Torgerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004831","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004831","article-title":"The burden of zoonoses in Kyrgyzstan: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Counotte","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.03.023","article-title":"Alveolar echinococcosis: from a deadly disease to a well-controlled infection. Relative survival and economic analysis in Switzerland over the last 35 years","volume":"49","author":"Torgerson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011000874","article-title":"Role of dog behaviour and environmental faecal contamination in transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis in Tibetan communities","volume":"138","author":"Vaniscotte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref26","unstructured":"World Health Organization, (2011) Report of the WHO informal working group on cystic and alveolar echninococcosis surveillance, prevention and control, with the participation of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Organisation for Animal Health, 22\u201323 June 2011, Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization."},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2014.01.005","article-title":"Evaluating faecal egg count reduction using a specifically designed package \u2018eggCounts\u2019 in R and a user friendly web interface","volume":"44","author":"Torgerson","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1907.121405","article-title":"Human alveolar echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan","volume":"19","author":"Usubalieva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref4","first-page":"307","article-title":"Massengewinnung und Lagerung von Taenia hydatigena-Eiern sowie Isolierung lebensf\u00e4higer Onkosph\u00e4ren","volume":"130","author":"Deplazes","year":"1988","journal-title":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.04.006","article-title":"Frequency distribution of Echinococcus multilocularis and other helminths of foxes in Kyrgyzstan","volume":"171","author":"Ziadinov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182017000397","article-title":"Evaluation of the impact of 2 years of a dosing intervention on canine echinococcosis in the Alay Valley, Kyrgyzstan","volume":"144","author":"Van Kesteren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2406.161641","article-title":"Intense focus of alveolar echinococcosis, South Kyrgyzstan","volume":"24","author":"Bebezov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref1","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Echinococcosis in Central Asia: Problems and Solutions","author":"Abdyjaparov","year":"2004"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref7","first-page":"114","article-title":"Measuring lengths and areas in Google Maps and Google Earth","volume":"19","author":"Fran\u010dula","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kartografija i Geoinformacije"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(90)90192-P","article-title":"Australasian contributions to an understanding of the epidemiology and control of hydatid disease \u2013 past, present and future","volume":"20","author":"Gemmell","year":"1990","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00015443","article-title":"An improved test system for PCR-based specific detection of Echinococcus multilocularis eggs","volume":"70","author":"Mathis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Helminthology"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.08.012","article-title":"Reproductive potential of Echinococcus multilocularis in experimentally infected foxes, dogs, raccoon dogs and cats","volume":"36","author":"Kapel","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X15000565","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis of the distribution of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Osh Oblast in the Kyrgyz Republic, 2000\u20132013","volume":"89","author":"Raimkylov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Helminthology"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref15","unstructured":"R Core Team (2022) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. 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In Report No. AB5562. Washington, DC."},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.01.009","article-title":"Canine echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan: using prevalence data adjusted for measurement error to develop transmission dynamics models","volume":"38","author":"Ziadinov","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref6","first-page":"342","article-title":"Wildlife-transmitted Taenia and Versteria cysticercosis and coenurosis in humans and other primates","volume":"9","author":"Deplazes","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.07.029","article-title":"Susceptibility versus resistance in alveolar echinococcosis (larval infection with Echinococcus multilocularis)","volume":"213","author":"Gottstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e603","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30038-3","article-title":"Epidemic cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan: an analysis of national surveillance data","volume":"8","author":"Paternoster","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007002235","article-title":"Identification of taeniid eggs in the faeces from carnivores based on multiplex PCR using targets in mitochondrial DNA","volume":"134","author":"Trachsel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"S003118202300118X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2005.11.032","article-title":"Present situation of cystic echinococcosis in central Asia","volume":"55","author":"Torgerson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitology International"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S003118202300118X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T07:38:08Z","timestamp":1707809888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S003118202300118X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S003118202300118X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s003118202300118x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}