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We evaluated the phylogenetic signal in shape and size of ventral and dorsal haptoral anchors of 10 species of monogenoids (<jats:italic>Hamatopeduncularia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Chauhanellus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Susanlimocotyle<\/jats:italic>) occurring in marine catfish (Siluriformes: Ariidae) from the Atlantic coast of South America. The phylogenetic relationships among these species were mapped onto the morphospaces of shape and size of dorsal and ventral anchors. Two different tests (squared change-parsimony and <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>mult<\/jats:sub>) were applied to establish whether the spatial positions in the phylomorphospace were influenced by phylogenetic relationships. A significant phylogenetic signal was found between anchor form and parasite phylogeny. Allometric effects on anchor shape were non-significant. Phylogenetically distant species on the same host differed markedly in anchor morphology, suggesting little influence of host species on anchor form. A significantly higher level of shape variation among ventral anchors was also found, suggesting that the evolutionary forces shaping ventral anchor morphology may operate with differing intensities or exhibit distinct mechanisms compared to their dorsal counterparts. Our results suggest that phylogenetic relationships were a key driver of changes in shape (but not size) of anchors of monogenoids of South American ariids. However, it seems that the emergence of the digitiform haptor in <jats:italic>Hamatopenducularia<\/jats:italic> and in some species of <jats:italic>Chauhanellus<\/jats:italic> played an important role in the reduction in anchor size and may cause secondary losses of anchors in other groups of monogenoids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182024000192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T08:13:13Z","timestamp":1708675993000},"page":"390-399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evolutionary morphology of haptoral anchors in monogenoids (Dactylogyridae) of marine catfish (Siluriformes: Ariidae) from the Atlantic coast of South America"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Geusivam Barbosa","family":"Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edson Aparecido","family":"Adriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus Vinicius","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abril","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4006-1353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Antonio","family":"Balbuena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182024000192_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6409.2011.00470.x","article-title":"Inference in morphological taxonomy using collinear data and small sample sizes: monogenean sclerites (Platyhelminthes) as a case study","volume":"40","author":"Vignon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zoologica Scripta"},{"key":"S0031182024000192_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1111\/evo.13755","article-title":"The influence of size on body shape diversification across Indo-Pacific shore fishes","volume":"73","author":"Friedman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"S0031182024000192_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0142365","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142365","article-title":"Phenotypic buffering in a monogenean: canalization and developmental stability in shape and size of the haptoral anchors of Ligophorus cephali (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae)","volume":"10","author":"Llopis-Belenguer","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"S0031182024000192_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.05.001","article-title":"Gill monogeneans of Neotropical cichlid fish: diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and host-parasite cophylogenetic associations","volume":"52","author":"Seidlov\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182024000192_ref9","volume-title":"Their Systematic and Phylogeny","author":"Bychowsky","year":"1957"},{"key":"S0031182024000192_ref47","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2022"},{"key":"S0031182024000192_ref29","first-page":"392","article-title":"Neotropical Monogenea. 9. 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