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In this context, an air sac nematode was initially detected in 2014 infecting the Eurasian scops owl, hospitalized in the local wildlife hospital in Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). Years later, the parasite was detected in 2 other owl species. Air sac nematodes had never been reported in the Mallorcan Strigiformes before. A comprehensive molecular and morphological characterization analysis, including scanning electron microscopy, was required for species confirmation. The species was identified as <jats:italic>Lissonema sicki<\/jats:italic>, a parasite infrequently reported in South American owls. Since its first introduction to Mallorca, it has dramatically increased in prevalence in hospitalized birds, being highly prevalent in the Eurasian scops owl (41%), in the long-eared owl (11%) and in the barn owl (4%). The introduction pathway of this parasite to Europe remains unknown. This discovery underscores the expanding range and impact of <jats:italic>L. sicki<\/jats:italic>, emphasizing the importance of ongoing surveillance and research to comprehend and manage the implications of its emergence in new territories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182024000805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T06:45:38Z","timestamp":1727678738000},"page":"784-794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>Lissonema sicki<\/i>, an emerging air sac nematode of European owls: introduction, host switching and rapid establishment on a Mediterranean island"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6857-2553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebasti\u00e0","family":"Jaume-Ramis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sof\u00eda","family":"Delgado-Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Miquel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nieves","family":"Negre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ugo","family":"Mameli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carles","family":"Feliu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9196-3069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Paredes-Esquivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182024000805_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007002880"},{"key":"S0031182024000805_ref75","first-page":"139","article-title":"Filarial nematodes belonging to the superorders Diplotriaenoidea and Aproctoidea from wild and captive birds in Japan","volume":"38","author":"Yoshino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the Rakuno Gakuen University"},{"key":"S0031182024000805_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-35.2.375"},{"key":"S0031182024000805_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102165"},{"key":"S0031182024000805_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0782"},{"key":"S0031182024000805_ref26","first-page":"294","article-title":"DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates","volume":"5","author":"Folmer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology"},{"key":"S0031182024000805_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0376892907003815"},{"key":"S0031182024000805_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-012-0311-0"},{"key":"S0031182024000805_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22689507A201150685.en"},{"key":"S0031182024000805_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2008.01951.x"},{"key":"S0031182024000805_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222932708655540"},{"key":"S0031182024000805_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2010.02346.x"},{"volume-title":"The Extraction of Animals from their Habitats. 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