{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T11:12:01Z","timestamp":1772017921317,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":106,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Toxocara vitulorum<\/jats:italic> is one of the deadliest parasite of buffalo calves in Bangladesh. This study was conducted to explore genetic variability within and among the <jats:italic>T. vitulorum<\/jats:italic> populations in buffalo calves of Bangladesh. Genomic DNA was extracted, <jats:italic>ITS2, COX1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>NAD1<\/jats:italic> gene were amplified and sequenced. Distinct 29 <jats:italic>ITS2<\/jats:italic>, 21 unique <jats:italic>NAD1<\/jats:italic> and 24 <jats:italic>COX1<\/jats:italic> genotypes were detected among the <jats:italic>T. vitulorum<\/jats:italic> of different geographic regions. These three gene genotypes similarities ranged from 97 to 99%, when these were compared to best hit scoring <jats:italic>T. vitulorum<\/jats:italic> sequences retrieved from GenBank. A total of 12 and 6 unique haplotypes were detected for <jats:italic>COX1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>NAD1<\/jats:italic> gene sequences. The average nucleotide and haplotype diversity for <jats:italic>COX1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>NAD1<\/jats:italic> were 0.0931 &amp; 0.89493 and 0.00658 &amp; 0.77895 respectively and the recorded values were more dispersed than previously published values. The pairwise Nst values ranged from \u22120.050 to 0.602 and Fst from \u22120.050 to 0.600 between all the <jats:italic>T. vitulorum<\/jats:italic> genotypes indicated huge genetic differentiation which were reportedly higher than other published reports Fst values. This is the first report of <jats:italic>T. vitulorum<\/jats:italic> on the basis of <jats:italic>COX1<\/jats:italic> gene in Bangladesh. The study findings will be helpful for further extensive epidemiological studies regarding anthelmintic resistance, control and prevention of <jats:italic>T. vitulorum<\/jats:italic> infection in buffalo calves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182024000842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T09:22:54Z","timestamp":1728984174000},"page":"795-807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Molecular characterization and genetic variability of <i>Toxocara vitulorum<\/i> from naturally infected buffalo calves for the first time in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Hiranmoy","family":"Biswas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8644-2050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurnabi","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babul Chandra","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Manjurul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MD Khalilur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9538-2520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. 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\u00a9 MD HASANUZZAMAN TALUKDER, 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}