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In the present study, we redescribed <jats:italic>S. formosula<\/jats:italic> based on a re-examination of type series and newly collected material from the frog <jats:italic>Leptodactylus pentadactylus<\/jats:italic> in the state of Amap\u00e1, Brazil. Additionally, we re-examined the type series of <jats:italic>S. inconspicata<\/jats:italic>, and propose it as a junior synonym of <jats:italic>S. formosula<\/jats:italic>. We provide detailed morphological and morphometric data with intraspecific variation analyses and new molecular data for <jats:italic>S. formosula<\/jats:italic>. In the present phylogeny, <jats:italic>S. formosula<\/jats:italic> formed a well-supported clade with <jats:italic>Raillietnema<\/jats:italic> sp. and <jats:italic>Labeonema synodontisi<\/jats:italic>. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and some morphological similarities, our findings support the hypothesis that <jats:italic>Schrankiana<\/jats:italic> is a member of the family Cosmocercidae, not Atractidae. Additionally, we provide the first ultrastructural descriptions of <jats:italic>S. formosula<\/jats:italic>, and establish the species' phylogenetic position from the Cosmocercidae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118202400091x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T09:02:52Z","timestamp":1727859772000},"page":"832-847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Two names, one species: redescription and phylogenetic position of <i>Schrankiana formosula<\/i> Freitas, 1959 provides new insights into the evolutionary history of the Cosmocercidae"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9188-0442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano Jos\u00e9 Silva","family":"F\u00e9lix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6661-1850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Felipe Ferreira","family":"Trindade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2131-2268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Lima","family":"Reb\u00ealo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8870-0372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Kevin Silva","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6552-2756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Nunes","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4067-8660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaldo","family":"Maldonado J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5034-9268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Eduardo","family":"Costa-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6612-6410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeannie Nascimento","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8935-2923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Tiago Vasconcelos","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S003118202400091X_ref33","volume-title":"Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. 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\u00a9 The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the same Creative Commons licence is used to distribute the re-used or adapted article and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}