{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T13:34:12Z","timestamp":1792762452901,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740355200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The objective of this study was to assess the potential role of aquatic biofilms as natural reservoirs for\n                    <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . For this purpose, surface water (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a04) and biofilm samples (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a08) were collected from a stream nearby an urban area characterized by limited sanitation infrastructure and a high prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in humans.\n                    <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                    cysts were detected in three of the four water samples and seven of the eight biofilm samples using fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, viable cysts were identified exclusively in biofilm samples (five of the eight), while no live cysts were detected in water samples. These findings indicate that aquatic biofilms provide a habitat where\n                    <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                    cysts can adhere and remain viable, potentially contributing to their environmental accumulation. In addition, molecular characterization of the five isolates identified subtypes ST8 (allele 21) and ST3 (allele 36). This study is the first to report the detection and identification of viable\n                    <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                    subtypes in aquatic biofilms. The analysis of biofilms by fluorescence microscopy, as demonstrated here, offers a promising approach for monitoring\n                    <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and could serve as an alternative to traditional water sampling methods.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182025000253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]],"date-time":"2025-02-23T20:42:06Z","timestamp":1740343326000},"page":"828-833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<i>Blastocystis<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Cryptosporidium<\/i>\n                    in association with biofilms in a contaminated watercourse"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Virginia","family":"Estrada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melisa","family":"Leone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Saura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo en Inmunolog\u00eda y Enfermedades Infecciosas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Farber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4309-5008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludmila","family":"L\u00f3pez-Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12061084"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.105085"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-004-1230-5"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12030461"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09579-x"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2016.05.015"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-022-07731-0"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.09.031"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2011.05.009"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-014-0051-x"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref7","first-page":"e01399","article-title":"Biofilm sampling for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in a southeastern Pennsylvania watershed","volume":"86","author":"Jellison","year":"2020","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology 10"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protis.2005.12.001"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02483-20"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.12.027"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref12","first-page":"891","article-title":"Enteroparasitosis en una poblaci\u00f3n infantil del Municipio de Hurlingham, Buenos Aires","volume":"82","author":"L\u00f3pez-Arias","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicina (Buenos Aires)"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2019.045"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14826.1"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.11.4460-4466.1998"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref19","first-page":"e00131","article-title":"Differentiation of Blastocystis and parasitic archamoebids encountered in untreated wastewater samples by amplicon-based next-generation sequencing","volume":"21","author":"Stensvold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiology and Control"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e12592"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.05.004"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref22","first-page":"2022","volume-title":"Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality: Fourth Edition Incorporating the First and Second Addenda","year":"2022"},{"key":"S0031182025000253_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316106"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182025000253","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T11:30:41Z","timestamp":1762169441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182025000253\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182025000253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182025000253","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}