{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:53:58Z","timestamp":1784307238125,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Spirometra<\/jats:italic> is a genus of zoonotic cestodes with an ambiguous species-level taxonomic history. Previously, <jats:italic>Spirometra mansonoides<\/jats:italic> was considered the only species present in North America. However, recent molecular data revealed the presence of at least three distinct species in the USA: <jats:italic>Spirometra<\/jats:italic> sp. 2 and 3, and <jats:italic>Spirometra mansoni<\/jats:italic>. This study aimed to elucidate the diversity and potential host associations of <jats:italic>Spirometra<\/jats:italic> species among companion animals in the USA. Samples (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 302) were examined from at least 13 host species, including mammals, amphibians and reptiles. Sample types included eggs isolated from faeces (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 222), adult specimens (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 71) and plerocercoids (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 9) from 18 different states and 2 territories across the USA. Extracted genomic DNA was subjected to PCR targeting a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. Generated sequences (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 136) were included in a phylogenetic analysis. <jats:italic>Spirometra mansoni<\/jats:italic> was detected in domestic cats (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 76), dogs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 12), a White\u2019s tree frog (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1), a Cuban knight anole (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1), a green iguana (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1) and a serval (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1) across 15 states and Puerto Rico. <jats:italic>Spirometra<\/jats:italic> sp. 2 was found only in dogs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3) from Florida and <jats:italic>Spirometra<\/jats:italic> sp. 3 was found only in cats (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 41) from 17 states. All plerocercoid samples were consistent with <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>. The results confirm that at least three distinct <jats:italic>Spirometra<\/jats:italic> species are present and established in companion animals, such as dogs and cats, and likely are using various native and exotic species as paratenic hosts within the USA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118202500054x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T11:40:41Z","timestamp":1744803641000},"page":"477-486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Molecular characterization of <i>Spirometra<\/i> isolates across the USA"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Tiana L.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3986-6018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Sobotyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo D.","family":"Jimenez Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Abdu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Baade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mindy","family":"Borst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sriveny","family":"Dangoudoubiyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke A.","family":"Delcambre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff M.","family":"Gruntmeir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Leutenegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Lozoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gleeson","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassan","family":"Pulaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Vatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5678-4938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather D. S.","family":"Walden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manigandan","family":"Lejeune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4543-7105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme G.","family":"Verocai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S003118202500054X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T08:43:39Z","timestamp":1751445819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S003118202500054X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S003118202500054X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s003118202500054x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}