{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T04:39:50Z","timestamp":1773635990491,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The water buffalo farm with intensive breeding techniques promotes the spread of lice (\n                    <jats:italic>Haematopinus tuberculatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), leading to a reduction in meat and milk productions. Current control measures include the use of chemicals, which in the long-term lead to the development of resistance. Given the lack of alternative solutions, the aim of this study was to evaluate the repellent effect of a low impact by-product, the wood vinegar (WV), against\n                    <jats:italic>H. tuberculatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    using a new\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    bioassay test. The test consisted of a glass Petri dishes subdivided in 3 separate areas. WV was tested at different concentrations (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%). Each of the 3 replicates was performed with 10 adults, at 27 \u00b0C and 75% relative humidity. Observations were made 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after application to evaluate movement, the living\/dead ratio and the ability to overcome the obstacle area of the lice, in terms of comparative avoidance (%). Additional\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    cytotoxicity tests were performed. The test performed showed a repellent effect of 77% for the 100% WV concentration against lice of both sexes 30 min after exposure, similar (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) to the repellent effect of deltamethrin (77%). The\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    bioassay developed during the experiment proved to be reliable and can be used to evaluate the repellent effect of new molecules against lice before testing them\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Furthermore, WV has a potential to be a valid tool for the control of buffalo pediculosis, although\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies have to be undertaken.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182025000551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T02:32:16Z","timestamp":1751855536000},"page":"958-966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A novel\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    repellent bioassay to evaluate the effect of wood vinegar against louse\n                    <i>Haematopinus tuberculatus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1266-2154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Bosco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Jesu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Nappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Bambacaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Martone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Mercatorum"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Montagnaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Vinale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Panarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Iacomino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuliano","family":"Bonanomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2666-7992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"Strbac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Belgrade"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lavinia","family":"Ciuca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0975-2052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Cringoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Naples Federico II, 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The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}