{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T02:50:16Z","timestamp":1789872616355,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The Nippostrongylinae is a group of strongylid nematodes that includes species typically associated with coprophagous mammals; in the New World, it is represented by 82 species within 11 genera. Two main morphological features, the synlophe and the caudal bursa, are used to evaluate the characteristics that allow identification and classification of the organisms in the taxon. However, the analysis of these characters often requires a partial or total destruction of specimens and therefore morphological variation is studied in only a very small subset of organisms per species. To evaluate the phylogenetic signal from these characteristics, we use genetic data to reconstruct the first phylogeny for the Nippostrongylinae using nuclear and mitochondrial genes and include representatives of the most common and diverse genera. The reconstructed phylogeny features five distinct clades and allows us to identify three non-monophyletic taxa including\n                    <jats:italic>Carolinensis, Vexillata<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Hassalstrongylus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . From these,\n                    <jats:italic>Carolinensis s. l<\/jats:italic>\n                    . is divided into four genera including\n                    <jats:italic>Carolinensis, Boreostrongylus, Neoboreostrongylus<\/jats:italic>\n                    n. gen. and\n                    <jats:italic>Tepalcuanema<\/jats:italic>\n                    n. gen.\n                    <jats:italic>Stunkardionema<\/jats:italic>\n                    is resurrected to include\n                    <jats:italic>Vexillata noviberiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Hassalstrongylus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is divided into two, establishing\n                    <jats:italic>Lovostrongylus<\/jats:italic>\n                    n. gen. to include species that are closely related to\n                    <jats:italic>Guerrerostrongylus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Trichofreitasia<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Organisms in these three genera feature a caudal arrangement of type 2-2-1. Furthermore, species in\n                    <jats:italic>Hassalstrongylus sensu stricto<\/jats:italic>\n                    are more closely related to species in\n                    <jats:italic>Malvinema<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Stilestrongylus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our results reveal the existence of an additional unnamed genus and underscore the usefulness of framing morphological characters in a comparative framework. A key for genera from the Americas is proposed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182025100395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T03:42:56Z","timestamp":1752464576000},"page":"997-1017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The first phylogenetic reconstruction of Nippostrongylinae (Nematoda: Heligmonellidae) reveals 3 new genera, the polyphyletic nature of\n                    <i>Carolinensis<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Vexillata<\/i>\n                    , and identifies 5 clades with varying associations with mammals"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1047-8185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. Agust\u00edn","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guinevere O","family":"Drabik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Falc\u00f3n-Ordaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Hidalgo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G","family":"Hope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansas State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt E","family":"Galbreath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Michigan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"No\u00e9 U","family":"de la Sancha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DePaul University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M","family":"Kinsella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HelmWest"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris T","family":"McCallister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast Texas Community College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5084-7566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasyl","family":"Tkach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Dakota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitney","family":"Preisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennesaw State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott L","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref20","first-page":"178","article-title":"Essai d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation de l\u2019\u00e9volution de la famille des H\u00e9ligmosomes (N\u00e9matodes Strongylida) en fonction de la pal\u00e9obiogeographie de leurs h\u00f4tes","volume":"2","author":"Durette-Desset","year":"1971a","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Societ\u00e9 de Ecologi\u00e9"},{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-018-9836-7"},{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref31","volume-title":"Trichostrongylina: heligmosomoidea), Publications Scientifiques","author":"Durette-Desset","year":"2017"},{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1654\/4569.1"},{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GCE.2010.5676129"},{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3446.1"},{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1993682111"},{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2021077"},{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2014.032"},{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/32160"},{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5114.1.1"},{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/zse.100.125466"},{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bird parasites of the nematode suborders Strongylata, Ascaridata, and Spirurata","author":"Cram","year":"1927","journal-title":"Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Bulletin"},{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14772000.2022.2046199"},{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3045.1"},{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/13-196.1"},{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/18-199"},{"key":"S0031182025100395_ref6","first-page":"557","volume-title":"Handbook of Zoology. 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Published by Cambridge University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}