{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T19:06:11Z","timestamp":1785524771103,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Myxozoans are parasitic cnidarians that can cause severe damage to fish, resulting in economic losses to aquaculture and fisheries. In Israel, only a few taxonomic studies have been conducted on Myxozoa infecting freshwater fish and none on barb parasites. Here, we describe two new myxozoan species \u2013\n                    <jats:italic>Myxidium grauri<\/jats:italic>\n                    n. sp. and\n                    <jats:italic>Myxidium sharmai<\/jats:italic>\n                    n. sp. \u2013 from the gallbladder of the barbs\n                    <jats:italic>Carasobarbus canis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Luciobarbus longiceps<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively, from the Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret). The prevalence of infection was 42.2% (19\/45) for\n                    <jats:italic>M. grauri<\/jats:italic>\n                    n. sp. and 25% (5\/20) for\n                    <jats:italic>M. sharmai<\/jats:italic>\n                    n. sp. We obtained 18S rRNA sequences for both species, providing the first molecular data on\n                    <jats:italic>Myxidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infecting barbs from the Sea of Galilee. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the genera\n                    <jats:italic>Myxidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Zschokkella<\/jats:italic>\n                    are not monophyletic. The\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                    -statistic was used to assess the phylogenetic signal of categorical traits within the Biliary Tract Clade IV lineage, which includes the species studied. The analysis revealed a significant phylogenetic signal associated with the host clade, the parasite\u2019s geographic origin and the type of environment it inhabits. However, some of these statistical results may be influenced by sampling bias, as Percomorpha and Otomorpha fish are disproportionately represented in marine and freshwater environments, respectively. The newly obtained sequences form a distinct lineage within a clade of freshwater-infecting myxozoans. Our findings suggest that myxozoan infections are widespread in the Sea of Galilee. Given their potential impact on fisheries and the lake\u2019s ecosystem, further research is needed to assess their distribution, dynamics and ecological consequences.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182025100723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T10:54:38Z","timestamp":1756378478000},"page":"1312-1327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Molecular characterization of two\n                    <i>Myxidium<\/i>\n                    species (Cnidaria: Bivalvulida: Myxidiidae) infecting barbs in the Sea of Galilee, Israel"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2142-107X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Centre"},{"name":"Tel Aviv University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8387-7208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Haddas-Sasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tel Aviv University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5047-244X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doroth\u00e9e","family":"Huchon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tel Aviv University"},{"name":"Tel Aviv University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182025100723_ref79","first-page":"63","article-title":"Identification of Myxozoa and Protozoa parasites of barboid fishes of water resources in Khouzestan province","volume":"17","author":"Seyed Mortezaei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal"},{"key":"S0031182025100723_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00075.x"},{"key":"S0031182025100723_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.0075"},{"key":"S0031182025100723_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870001200403"},{"key":"S0031182025100723_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.734238"},{"key":"S0031182025100723_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12136"},{"key":"S0031182025100723_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao058035"},{"key":"S0031182025100723_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12294"},{"key":"S0031182025100723_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2021.102520"},{"key":"S0031182025100723_ref3","first-page":"22","article-title":"A second survey of fish parasites from Tigris River at Al-Zaafaraniya, south of Baghdad","volume":"12","author":"Adday","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Science"},{"key":"S0031182025100723_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2015.11.004"},{"key":"S0031182025100723_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.06.016"},{"key":"S0031182025100723_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-51"},{"key":"S0031182025100723_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-019-01171-x"},{"key":"S0031182025100723_ref38","unstructured":"Froese, R , and Pauly, D (2025) FishBase. 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The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}