{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T17:45:52Z","timestamp":1779212752136,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ancient water supply systems provide important insights into historical sanitation practices and disease transmission patterns. This study examined soils from 2 wells of the medieval city of Phanagoria (8th\u20139th centuries AD) to reconstruct parasite contamination patterns during the Khazar period. Soil samples from wells 33 and 46 were analysed using light microscopy for parasite egg identification and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for faecal biomarker detection. Microscopic analysis identified 6 types of parasite eggs:\n                    <jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>suis, Trichuris muris, Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>suis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , trematodes of the family Brachylaimidae,\n                    <jats:italic>Calodium hepaticum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Dibothriocephalus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. High concentrations of parasite eggs were found in virtually all samples, indicating significant faecal contamination of the wells. GC-MS analysis revealed limited human faecal signatures but no animal biomarkers, suggesting humans as the primary contamination source. Two distinct periods of well-functioning were identified based on parasite egg distribution patterns. The findings confirm human parasitic infections in medieval Phanagoria and demonstrate the transition of these structures from wells to cisterns and finally to refuse pits. This archaeoparasitological evidence provides valuable data on medieval urban sanitation, water management practices, and parasite-host relationships in ancient Black Sea settlements.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182025100929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T05:14:07Z","timestamp":1760332447000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Archaeoparasitological and biomolecular analysis of the wells from the Black Sea city of Phanagoria during the Khazar period (8th\u20139th centuries A.D.)"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9365-3849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey Mikhailovich","family":"Slepchenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tyumen Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Ostapenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Khrustalev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plants"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasiya","family":"Kashevskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tyumen State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaj","family":"Tretyakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tyumen State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian D","family":"Bull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182025100929","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T04:08:47Z","timestamp":1777262927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182025100929\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["S0031182025100929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182025100929","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}