{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T22:26:45Z","timestamp":1772749605209,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Women in sub-Saharan Africa face complex, multifaceted challenges to their health, including a high burden of infectious diseases aggravated by socioeconomic factors. Parasitic and sexually transmitted infections both cause significant morbidity and mortality. Co-infections compound these effects, leading to high rates of chronic illness and making diagnosis and treatment challenging. There are no integrated approaches for the detection of female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), a gynaecological condition caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), responsible for over 90% of all cervical cancer cases worldwide. FGS is a chronic condition with health outcomes such as infertility and abortion and remains severely under-reported. HR-HPV infection is the main aetiological agent of cervical cancer, the leading cause of cancer death in women in sub-Saharan Africa. Both can be disabling and stigmatizing to the sufferer. A key to disease management at patient and community levels is accurate and available diagnostics. Due to both FGS and HPV diagnostics utilising cervicovaginal samples, they are ideal candidates for a multiplex molecular diagnostic. The standard molecular diagnostics (namely PCR), through the detection of pathogen DNA, are constrained in low resource settings by requirement of a highly reliable source of energy, reliance on a cold-chain, and prohibitive costs. Isothermal molecular diagnostics are an alternative method to PCR that are more suited to basic settings. This review explores current isothermal diagnostics, with a focus on RPA\/RAA, a very simple isothermal technology, for FGS and HPV and proposes the development of a multiplex isothermal diagnostic test to enable integrated screening.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182025101248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T06:55:26Z","timestamp":1764053726000},"page":"1540-1553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification based diagnostics for female genital schistosomiasis and human papillomavirus: a review of combined molecular diagnostic opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3985-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy Isabelle","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical 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