{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T22:05:44Z","timestamp":1780956344443,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The Liolopidae (Diplostomoidea) are a small family of digeneans that parasitize reptiles and amphibians as adults. Knowledge of intermediate hosts in this family remains scarce, leaving a major gap in the understanding of liolopid biology. To date, the only fully elucidated life cycle is that of\n                    <jats:italic>Liolope copulans<\/jats:italic>\n                    Cohn 1902, a species infecting Asian salamanders, with no other cercarial or metacercarial stages known. This study aimed to identify potential intermediate hosts for\n                    <jats:italic>Paraharmotrema karinganiense<\/jats:italic>\n                    , found in several chelonian species from southeastern Mozambique and South Africa. African apple snails of the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Lanistes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Nothobranchius<\/jats:italic>\n                    killifish were sampled from temporary pools in Karingani Game Reserve, southern Mozambique. Snails were screened over 9 months for cercarial shedding, and encapsulated metacercariae recovered from the spotted killifish (\n                    <jats:italic>N. orthonotus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , Peters) (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) were excysted for morphological and molecular analyses. Fork-tailed cercariae from\n                    <jats:italic>Lanistes<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. and 1 metacercaria found in the spotted killifish were genetically identical to the adult of\n                    <jats:italic>P. karinganiense<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This study provides the second documented life cycle of a liolopid trematode and presents the first life cycle for the family based on natural infections, being the first completely documented life cycle for freshwater trematodes from southern Africa. This linkage of larval and adult specimens signifies the importance of\n                    <jats:italic>Nothobranchius<\/jats:italic>\n                    killifish as intermediate hosts as well providing insight in parasite transmission dynamics within temporary aquatic ecosystems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118202510125x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T06:59:37Z","timestamp":1763535577000},"page":"1-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Integrating morphology and genetics to resolve the first reptilian liolopid life cycle in Africa,\n                    <i>Paraharmotrema karinganiense<\/i>\n                    (Digenea: Liolopidae)"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"given":"Nichole S.","family":"Donough","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North-West University"},{"name":"National Research Foundation-South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity"},{"name":"KU Leuven"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marliese","family":"Truter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North-West University"},{"name":"National Research Foundation-South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Wepener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North-West University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Brendonck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North-West University"},{"name":"KU Leuven"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli S.J.","family":"Thor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur"},{"name":"Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences"},{"name":"KU Leuven"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7950-193X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nico J.","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North-West University"},{"name":"National Research Foundation-South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S003118202510125X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T09:37:54Z","timestamp":1765964274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S003118202510125X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["S003118202510125X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s003118202510125x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press or the rights holder(s) must be obtained prior to any commercial use and\/or adaptation of the article.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}