{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T08:03:59Z","timestamp":1777363439952,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Paraxerus cepapi<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an arboreal tree squirrel that occurs in the Savanna biome of Africa, and information on its parasite diversity is limited and mostly qualitative. The aim of the study was to record the diversity and abundance of ecto- and helminth parasites associated with\n                    <jats:italic>P. cepapi<\/jats:italic>\n                    across its distribution in South Africa.\n                    <jats:italic>P. cepapi<\/jats:italic>\n                    individuals (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 94) were opportunistically obtained from eight localities during 2020 to 2024. In total, 21 parasite species (19 ectoparasites and two nematodes) and one tick species group were identified. This included lice, ticks, fleas, a mesostigmatic mite, chiggers, nematodes and cestodes. Nematodes were the most prevalent (93\u00b767%), followed by lice (80\u00b785%).\n                    <jats:italic>Syphatineria cepapi<\/jats:italic>\n                    was recorded in 92\u00b741% of\n                    <jats:italic>P. cepapi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while an unknown\n                    <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, resembling\n                    <jats:italic>S. robustus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , was recorded in 21\u00b752% of squirrels. The lice species displayed variation in parasitope preference, while chiggers were primarily recorded in the ears. This study provides new country records for the lice species\n                    <jats:italic>Werneckia paraxeri<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Enderleinellus heliosciuri<\/jats:italic>\n                    , for the chigger species\n                    <jats:italic>Microtrombicula polymorpha,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and for the nematode\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . cf.\n                    <jats:italic>robustus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . New locality records were documented for the nematode\n                    <jats:italic>S. cepapi<\/jats:italic>\n                    in South Africa, and\n                    <jats:italic>P. cepapi<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a new host record for the eight chigger species and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . cf.\n                    <jats:italic>robustus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . It is evident that\n                    <jats:italic>P. cepapi<\/jats:italic>\n                    in South Africa hosts a considerably larger diversity of parasite taxa than previously recorded. Nematode counts were related to host length. These findings warrant future studies on the parasite diversity of\n                    <jats:italic>P. cepapi<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Africa.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182025101261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T03:59:52Z","timestamp":1764215992000},"page":"111-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The ectoparasites and gastrointestinal helminths associated with Smith\u2019s bush squirrel (\n                    <i>Paraxerus cepapi<\/i>\n                    ) in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Inge","family":"Raubenheimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stellenbosch University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6836-069X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Conrad A.","family":"Matthee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stellenbosch University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7548-2671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandr","family":"Stekolnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanette","family":"Wentzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pretoria"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lourens","family":"Swanepoel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7289-6262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonja","family":"Matthee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stellenbosch University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182025101261_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.11.011"},{"key":"S0031182025101261_ref72","volume-title":"The Flea","author":"Russell","year":"1913"},{"key":"S0031182025101261_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182015001110"},{"key":"S0031182025101261_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12192617"},{"key":"S0031182025101261_ref82","first-page":"1","article-title":"Taxonomy and distribution of African chiggers (Acariformes, Trombiculidae)","volume":"395","author":"Stekolnikov","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Taxonomy"},{"key":"S0031182025101261_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284227"},{"key":"S0031182025101261_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182022000750"},{"key":"S0031182025101261_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70642-9"},{"key":"S0031182025101261_ref101","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Sex Hormones and Immunity to Infection","author":"Zuk","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0031182025101261_ref76","volume-title":"Siphonaptera of Southern Africa: Handbook for the Identification of Fleas","author":"Segerman","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0031182025101261_ref14","volume-title":"Ecological Niches Linking Classical and Contemporary Approaches","author":"Chase","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0031182025101261_ref17","volume-title":"The Rodents of Southern Africa: Notes on Their Identification, Distribution, Ecology and Taxonomy","author":"De Graaf","year":"1981"},{"key":"S0031182025101261_ref87","first-page":"754","volume-title":"Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference","author":"Thorington","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0031182025101261_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845935726.0000"},{"key":"S0031182025101261_ref62","first-page":"951","article-title":"Body size-density relationships and species diversity in parasitic nematodes: Patterns and likely processes","volume":"4","author":"Morand","year":"2002","journal-title":"Evolutionary Ecology Research"},{"key":"S0031182025101261_ref23","volume-title":"The Sucking Lice (Insecta, Anoplura) of the World: A Taxonomic Checklist with Records of Mammalian Hosts and Geographical Distributions. 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