{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:40:09Z","timestamp":1790635209228,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is a neurotropic parasite that establishes latent infection in the central nervous system (CNS), and may alter behaviour and contribute to neuronal dysfunction. However, its impact on cognitive performance and CNS pathophysiological alterations in people with HIV (PWH) remains unclear. A cross-sectional study of adult PWH was conducted, assessing latent\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection through serum IgG levels in the absence of neurotoxoplasmosis. Neurocognitive impairments were assessed through neurocognitive testing across 6 domains, along with depressive and anxiety symptoms evaluation, and educational attainment. CNS pathophysiological alterations were assessed through amyloid-\u03b21-42, total tau, phosphorylated tau, neopterin, and S-100\u03b2 quantification in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Fifty-eight PWH were included, and\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    seropositivity was detected in 46.5% of participants (27\/58). Overall, cognitive performance was largely comparable between groups, although subtle, non-significant declines were observed across several domains.\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    -seropositive individuals demonstrated a faster completion of Trail Making Test Part B (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u221235.79\u00a0sec; 95% CI: \u221267.78 to \u22123.86), lower educational attainment (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22121.92\u00a0years; 95% CI: \u22123.76 to \u22120.09), without different levels of CSF biomarkers for neuronal-synaptic degeneration, Alzheimer\u2019s pathology, beta-amyloid deposition, macrophage-derived inflammation and glial activation-degeneration. In PWH with low CD4 counts, latent\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection was not associated with overt cognitive impairment or detectable\u00a0CNS pathophysiological alterations. Instead, an atypical profile emerged, combining faster task-switching with lower educational attainment and subtle, non-significant declines in other domains. These findings highlight the complex nature of\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013host interactions and need for longitudinal studies to clarify long-term neurocognitive outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182025101509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T05:57:16Z","timestamp":1767851836000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neurocognitive effects of latent\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    infection in immunocompromised people with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0062-3687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Rovito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Turin"},{"name":"University of Zurich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Zanet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Turin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia Giovanni Carlo","family":"Trunfio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Calcagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin"},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezio","family":"Ferroglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Turin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010752"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.09.019"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.09.013"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05882-6"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30005-X"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01502-y"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608310104"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285976"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44321-025-00252-0"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105560"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103751"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719000813"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13154542"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-023-00813-2"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/RRTM.S519938"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs043"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000287431.88658.8b"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2025.108971"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103836"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12888"},{"key":"S0031182025101509_ref11","article-title":"Chronic 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The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}