{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T07:08:24Z","timestamp":1784272104427,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The current treatments for leishmaniasis come with various side effects and the risk of drug resistance. Nanoliposomal quercetin \u2013 paromomycin and clindamycin \u2013 is being explored as a new therapeutic approach to replace existing treatments. In this research, nanoliposomal was created using the ultrasonic thin-layer dispersion method and evaluated for its encapsulation efficiency, size and zeta potential. The average particle size in the nanoliposome containing quercetin \u2013 paromomycin and clindamycin \u2013 was 74.8\u00a0nm. The dispersibility indices were equal to 0.61. The zeta potential of the nanoliposome was 24.2\u00a0mV. EC50 levels of nanoliposomal quercetin (QN), nanoliposomal quercetin-paromomycin (QPN), quercetin-paromomycin and clindamycin (QPC), nanoliposomal quercetin-clindamycin and paromomycin (QCPN), paromomycin (P) against\n                    <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>\n                    promastigotes were 70\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02, 57\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02, 51\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09, 43\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08 and 41\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08\u00a0 micromolar, respectively. There was no significant difference in the activity of liposomal formulations against\n                    <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>\n                    promastigotes. The topical application of all treatment groups compared to PBS and the untreated group caused significant reductions in the lesion sizes. The nanoliposomal quercetin \u2013 paromomycin and clindamycin \u2013 displayed a significant anti-leishmanial effect, showing promise as a potential candidate for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182026101905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T10:37:22Z","timestamp":1774867042000},"page":"1-6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of nanoliposomal quercetin \u2013 paromomycin and clindamycin on cutaneous leishmaniasis skin lesions in BALB\/c mice"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"given":"Pooria","family":"Asadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AJA University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Nouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aja University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoo","family":"Shaddel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AJA University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zia","family":"Hejripour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AJA University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahmat","family":"Solgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamadan University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamzeh","family":"Shahali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aja University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Momenzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AJA University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Darvishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AJA University of Medical Sciences"},{"name":"AJA University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Chamanara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AJA University of Medical Sciences"},{"name":"Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-024-08199-w"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.11-0812"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15010099"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2221-1691.367689"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e21939"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70209-8"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.05.008"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.102035"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14050989"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1091709"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826068.2021.1885045"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S106548"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref1","first-page":"383","article-title":"Effect of adjunctive topical liposomal azithromycin on systemic azithromycin on Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis: A pilot clinical study","volume":"20","author":"Abtahi-Naeini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01319-08"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03146-9"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2006.09.004"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref6","first-page":"424426","article-title":"Biochemical alterations of liver enzymes and microelements during Leishmania major infection in Balb\/C mice after treatment with paromomycin","volume":"3","author":"Davachi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacology Online"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2000.00664.x"},{"key":"S0031182026101905_ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improved topical delivery of sorafenib-meglumine antimoniate: Elastic nano-liposomal formulation for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: Sorafenib-meglumine antimoniate nano-liposomal formulation for CL","volume":"4","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182026101905","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T07:00:44Z","timestamp":1784271644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182026101905\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["S0031182026101905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182026101905","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press or the rights holder(s) must be obtained prior to any commercial use and\/or adaptation of the article.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}