{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:27:32Z","timestamp":1792664852822,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    As schistosomiasis nears elimination in certain endemic areas, targeted risk mapping is crucial for identifying focal transmission areas. Despite long-standing control efforts, including mass drug administration, focal snail control and behavioural interventions, urogenital schistosomiasis persists in the Zanzibar archipelago. Efficient resource allocation requires identifying areas where human\u2013freshwater contact overlaps with suitable\u00a0snail hosts. Of the 4\n                    <jats:italic>Bulinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species potentially acting as vectors (intermediate hosts) for\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Zanzibar,\n                    <jats:italic>Bulinus globosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is responsible for most of the transmission, whilst\n                    <jats:italic>Bulinus nasutus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a morphologically cryptic species to\n                    <jats:italic>B. globosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , plays a minor role in transmission. To facilitate future distribution mapping of these 2 snail vectors, this study developed a rapid and low-cost diagnostic molecular assay to differentiate these snail species. A duplex PCR assay was designed to target the 5.8S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer 2, amplifying 2 different-sized fragments for\n                    <jats:italic>B. globosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>B. nasutus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Twenty-one primer combinations were tested to determine those with the most consistent profiles. The final assay iteration provided consistent species-specific differentiation of Zanzibar\n                    <jats:italic>B. globosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>B. nasutus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Closely related species from mainland Tanzania,\n                    <jats:italic>B. productus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and a currently undescribed\n                    <jats:italic>Bulinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp., were also tested and produced similar banding patterns to\n                    <jats:italic>B. nasutus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>B. globosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively, indicating that the assay is most suitable\u00a0for local differentiation of Zanzibar populations where these taxa do not occur sympatrically. The assay allows cheap and rapid differentiation of these hosts, whose allopatric distribution on Zanzibar may dictate the degree of schistosomiasis transmission across these Indian Ocean islands.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182026102418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T06:12:03Z","timestamp":1783318323000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rapid diagnostic assay distinguishing the snail vectors\n                    <i>Bulinus globosus<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Bulinus nasutus<\/i>\n                    for urogenital schistosomiasis transmission risk mapping in East Africa"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4898-462X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Pennance","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/039zvsn29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Natural History Museum"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kk7td41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cardiff University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaali M.","family":"Ame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qr5zh59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Public Health Laboratory - Ivo de Carneri"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qr5zh59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Zanzibar Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said Mohammed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qr5zh59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Public Health Laboratory - Ivo de Carneri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amour Khamis","family":"Amour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qr5zh59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Public Health Laboratory - Ivo de Carneri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khamis Rashid","family":"Suleiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qr5zh59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Public Health Laboratory - Ivo de Carneri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8510-7055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Cable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kk7td41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cardiff University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0930-9314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonnie","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/039zvsn29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Natural History Museum"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182026102418","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T09:46:33Z","timestamp":1784540793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182026102418\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["S0031182026102418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182026102418","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}