{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:05:31Z","timestamp":1789383931995,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The development and implementation of diagnostic tools for the detection of\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    in freshwater snail vectors were added to the World Health Organization\u2019s guidelines on the control and elimination of human schistosomiasis in 2022. However, there are few documented examples of their application in schistosomiasis elimination settings. The current study validated a high-throughput polymerase chain reaction\u2013based diagnostic protocol for the detection of\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    (causing urogenital schistosomiasis) and\n                    <jats:italic>S. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (causing bovine schistosomiasis) DNA in\n                    <jats:italic>Bulinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. in the elimination setting of Pemba (Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania).\n                    <jats:italic>Bulinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    were collected and screened for patent schistosome infections across 4 malacological surveys (2017\u20132018) from 52 human\u2013freshwater contact sites (i.e.\u00a0freshwater bodies) located in 8 shehias (small administrative regions). Shehias varied from high (persisting) to low (declining) human urogenital schistosomiasis prevalence. Of the 9430\n                    <jats:italic>Bulinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. screened for patent schistosome infections using the standard parasitological shedding method, 0.11% (10\/9430)\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 0.02% (2\/9430)\n                    <jats:italic>S. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    patent infections were observed. Using the molecular diagnostic, of the 5465 snails screened, 2.73% (149\/5465)\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 0.24% (13\/5465)\n                    <jats:italic>S. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA-positive snails were identified. Xenomonitoring detected &gt;12\u00d7 more\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    presence in\n                    <jats:italic>Bulinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. than conventional shedding methods, demonstrating a higher sensitivity for identifying parasite presence. Xenomonitoring positives suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>S. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    transmission occurs in several focal areas in Pemba, with a wider distribution than previously thought. Identification of human and bovine schistosome DNA in both low and high prevalence settings shows the feasibility of using xenomonitoring assays for transmission\/elimination surveillance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182026102510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:57:38Z","timestamp":1785153458000},"page":"1-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Schistosome transmission surveillance in Pemba, United Republic of Tanzania: a molecular xenomonitoring approach for control and elimination programmes"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4898-462X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Pennance","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/039zvsn29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Natural History Museum"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kk7td41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cardiff University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5160-7185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Archer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/039zvsn29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Natural History Museum"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena Birgitta","family":"Lugli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/039zvsn29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Natural History Museum"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Rostron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/039zvsn29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Natural History Museum"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said Mohammed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qr5zh59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Public Health Laboratory - Ivo de Carneri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amour Khamis","family":"Amour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qr5zh59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Public Health Laboratory - Ivo de Carneri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khamis Rashid","family":"Suleiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qr5zh59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Public Health Laboratory - Ivo de Carneri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1999-1716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Rollinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/039zvsn29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Natural History Museum"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Knopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qr5zh59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute"},{"name":"University of Basel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaali M.","family":"Ame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01qr5zh59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Public Health Laboratory - Ivo de Carneri"},{"name":"Zanzibar Ministry of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8510-7055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Cable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kk7td41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cardiff University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0930-9314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonnie","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/039zvsn29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Natural History Museum"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182026102510","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:30:49Z","timestamp":1789381849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182026102510\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"references-count":0,"alternative-id":["S0031182026102510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182026102510","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}