{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:39:10Z","timestamp":1790743150378,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]],"date-time":"1997-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":880934400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Schistosome parasites, despite being multicellular organisms \nseveral millimetres in length, can survive in the bloodstream \nof mammalian hosts for decades. The remarkable and complex adaptation \nexemplified in the host\u2013parasite relationship in \nschistosomiasis may include not only immune evasion by the parasite, but\n \nalso immune exploitation. While the developmental and adult stages of \nthe parasite are by and large invisible to the immune response, the parasite\n egg induces a \ngranulomatous reaction which not only protects the host from a \ndiffusible parasite toxin, but also is required for \nnormal transmission of parasite eggs from the host to the external \nenvironment. Other possible mechanisms of immune \nexploitation by schistosomes are discussed including skewing of cytokine\n \nresponses, effects of cytokines on worm \nfecundity, exploitation of endothelial cell adherence, and induction of\n IgE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182097001765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:30:22Z","timestamp":1027762222000},"page":"107-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Cytokine induction and exploitation in schistosome infections"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"J. H.","family":"McKERROW","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]]},"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182097001765","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,11]],"date-time":"2019-05-11T15:47:40Z","timestamp":1557589660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182097001765\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182097001765"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182097001765","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]}}}