{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T23:25:38Z","timestamp":1772148338560,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]],"date-time":"1997-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":880934400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Upon infection with a pathogen, eukaryotic cells can undergo programmed\n \ncell death as an ultimate response. Therefore, \nmodulation of apoptosis is often a prerequisite to establish a host-pathogen\n \nrelationship. Some pathogens kill macrophages \nby inducing apoptosis and thus overcome the microbicidal arsenal of the\n \nphagocyte. Apoptotic macrophages, on the other \nhand, can elicit an inflammation by secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.\n \n<jats:italic>Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic>, the aetiological agent of \nbacillary dysentery, induces apoptosis in macrophages which, in agony,\n \nspecifically release mature interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2). \nThis cytokine attracts neutrophils (PMN) to the site of infection resulting\n \nin the massive colonic inflammation characteristic of bacillary dysentery.\n \nShigellosis represents a paradigm of a proinflammatory apoptosis in a bacterial\n infection. \nThe molecular link between apoptosis and inflammation is interleukin-1\u03b2\n \nconverting enzyme (ICE) which is activated \nduring macrophage apoptosis and binds to IpaB, a secreted <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n protein.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182097001790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:30:22Z","timestamp":1027776622000},"page":"79-87","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Macrophage apoptosis in microbial infections"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"HILBI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"ZYCHLINSKY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"SANSONETTI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]]},"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182097001790","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,11]],"date-time":"2019-05-11T19:47:48Z","timestamp":1557604068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182097001790\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182097001790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182097001790","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]}}}