{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T18:00:53Z","timestamp":1711648853804},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]],"date-time":"1997-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":880934400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Superantigens (SAgs) are microbial proteins which have potent effects\n on \nthe immune system. They are presented by \nmajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and interact\n \nwith a large number of T cells expressing specific \nT cell receptor V\u03b2 domains. Encounter of a SAg leads initially to\n the \nstimulation and subsequently to the clonal deletion \nof reactive T cells. SAgs are expressed by a wide variety of microorganisms\n \nwhich use them to exploit the immune system \nto their own advantage. Bacterial SAgs are exotoxins which are linked to\n \nseveral diseases in humans and animals. A classical \nexample is the toxic shock syndrome in which the massive release of \ncytokines by SAg-reactive cells is thought to play \na major pathogenic role. The best characterized viral SAg is encoded by\n \nmouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV) and \nhas proved to have a major influence on the viral life cycle by dramatically\n \nincreasing the efficiency of viral infection. In \nthis paper, we review the general properties of SAgs and discuss the \ndifferent types of microorganisms which produce \nthese molecules, with a particular emphasis on the role played by the \nSAg-induced immune response in the course of microbial infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182097001807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:30:22Z","timestamp":1027776622000},"page":"67-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Role of the immune response induced by superantigens in \nthe pathogenesis of microbial infections"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"MAILLARD","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"LUTHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"ACHA-ORBEA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"DIGGELMANN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]]},"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182097001807","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,11]],"date-time":"2019-05-11T19:47:39Z","timestamp":1557604059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182097001807\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182097001807"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182097001807","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]}}}