{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T03:47:28Z","timestamp":1791085648537,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]],"date-time":"1998-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":886291200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A cross-sectional study of bancroftian filariasis was \n\nconducted in 2 adjacent communities, Mvumoni and Kilore in Muhaka, \n\nKwale District. <jats:italic>Wuchereria bancrofti<\/jats:italic> infection, \n\nclinical manifestations and anti-filarial IgG responsiveness \n\nwere determined before the long rains, a time coinciding with a \n\nlow transmission season. The prevalence of microfilaraemia \n\nincreased gradually with age and was significantly higher in \n\nKilore (24%) than in Mvumoni (6\u00b73%, \n\n<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001). Similarly, the \n\nprevalence of antigenaemia increased with age and also was \n\nsignificantly higher in Kilore, 48\u00b79% than in Mvumoni, \n\n20\u00b75% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001). Hydrocele, funiculitis, \n\nlymphangitis and lymphadenitis were also significantly more \n\ncommon in Kilore than \n\nin Mvumoni. In comparing the 2 communities, levels of IgG4 \n\nresponsiveness in antigen-positive persons were higher in \n\nKilore than Mvumoni (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7034), but this was \n\nrelated to higher antigen loads in persons in Kilore than in \n\nMvumoni. In antigen-negative persons, anti-filarial antibodies \n\nof 3 IgG isotypes were significantly higher in Kilore than Mvumoni \n\n(<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001, for IgG1, IgG2, IgG4). These \n\nresults emphasize the highly focal nature of bancroftian \n\nfilariasis in this setting \n\nand demonstrate that anti-filarial antibody levels are \n\nrelated to transmission intensity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182097002060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:36:03Z","timestamp":1027776963000},"page":"173-182","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["<i>Wuchereria bancrofti<\/i> in Kwale District, \n\nCoastal Kenya: patterns of focal distribution of infection, \n\nclinical manifestations and anti-filarial IgG responsiveness"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"C. N.","family":"WAMAE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"GATIKA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"ROBERTS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"LAMMIE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]]},"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182097002060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T19:19:26Z","timestamp":1554837566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182097002060\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182097002060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182097002060","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]}}}