{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T07:08:33Z","timestamp":1777014513864,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]],"date-time":"1999-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":917827200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>American trypanosamiasis occurs in nature as a sylvatic cycle,\n where <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic> interacts with wild triatomines \nand mammalian reservoirs, such as marsupials, rodents, armadillos and other\n animals. Due to difficulties in trying to \nisolate <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> stocks from the sylvatic cycle, very few studies\n have been performed in order to understand the parasite \ninfection in natural environments. Traditionally <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> has\n been considered to be composed of a highly heterogeneous \npopulation of parasites. In contrast, the mini-exon and the 24S\u03b1\n rRNA gene loci have shown that <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> stocks can be \nclustered in 2 major phylogenetic groups: lineage 1 and lineage 2. In this\n report, 68 recently isolated <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> samples from \nthe sylvatic cycle belonging to different geographical areas in Rio de\n Janeiro, Brazil, have been typed based on a variable \nspot in the non-transcribed spacer of the mini-exon gene. Eight isolates\n were from triatomines, 26 stocks were from \ngolden-lion tamarins, 31 from opossums, 2 from rodents and 1 from a three-toed\n sloth. Thirty (44% \u2013 30\/68) isolates were \ntyped as lineage 1, while 36 (53% \u2013 36\/68) isolates were typed\n as lineage 2. Two opossums presented mixed infection. \nTherefore, 3% (2\/68) of the isolates were typed as lineage 1+lineage\n 2. Using these geographical regions as models of \nsylvatic environments, it was observed that 96% of the <jats:italic>Didelphis marsupialis<\/jats:italic>\n were infected by lineage 2 isolates, while all \n26 golden-lion tamarins were infected by lineage 1. The results show preferential\n association of the 2 lineages of <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> \nwith different hosts, composing the complexity of the sylvatic cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182098003709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:30:22Z","timestamp":1027762222000},"page":"161-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["The complexity of the sylvatic cycle of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/i>\n \nin Rio de Janeiro state (Brazil) revealed by the non-transcribed spacer of the mini-exon gene"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"O.","family":"FERNANDES","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. H.","family":"MANGIA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. V.","family":"LISBOA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. P.","family":"PINHO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. M.","family":"MOREL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"ZINGALES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. A.","family":"CAMPBELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"JANSEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]},"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182098003709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T15:48:12Z","timestamp":1554133692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182098003709\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182098003709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182098003709","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]}}}