{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:30:53Z","timestamp":1762270253573},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]],"date-time":"1999-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":936144000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to investigate the phenomenon of age-related immunity to visceral leishmaniasis, a 1 year prospective survey was \ncarried out on 5671 people in a <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic> focus in north-west Iran. The average incidence rate of infection since \n1985 was 2\u00b78%\/year with all ages equally at risk. One in 13 infections in children led to visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and \nthis ratio decreased significantly with age. Seroprevalence also dropped rapidly with age, suggesting that the same process \nmay affect both clinical outcome and the humoral immune responses. Cell-mediated immunity was associated with a \nreduction in the seroconversion rate and an increase in the serorecovery rate. Even amongst people with no detectable cell-mediated immunity to <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>, the seroconversion rate decreased and the serorecovery rate increased with age. All \ncurrent VL patients had a negative leishmanin skin test response. Hence, adults may develop protection against <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic> \nthrough 2 processes, 1 dependent and 1 independent of acquired cell-mediated immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182099004680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:30:22Z","timestamp":1027776622000},"page":"247-257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Age, acquired immunity and the risk of visceral \nleishmaniasis: a prospective study in Iran"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"C. R.","family":"DAVIES","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. S.","family":"MAZLOUMI GAVGANI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]]},"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182099004680","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T19:01:39Z","timestamp":1554231699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182099004680\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182099004680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182099004680","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]}}}