{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T22:22:22Z","timestamp":1769206942905,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]],"date-time":"2009-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1255651200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3607,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> protein, SPRM1lc, is a light chain member of a new family of heterodimeric amino acid \npermeases. These proteins require covalent association with a type II glycoprotein (like h4F2hc) for functional surface \nlocalization when expressed in <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic> oocytes. We previously reported that, when co-expressed with h4F2hc, the \ntransport properties of SPRM1lc resemble system y and y<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> while its human homologue, E16, functions as an L-type \npermease. Here we extend the functional characterization of SPRM1lc in oocytes and show by competitor studies that its \namino acid transport capacity is similar to that of whole adult schistosomes. We demonstrate by Northern and Western \nanalysis that SPRM1lc is expressed within both larval and adult schistosomes. In all stages, SPRM1lc is associated into \na high molecular weight complex that can be disrupted by reducing agents, consistent with the hypothesis that a significant \nfraction of the endogenous SPRM1lc is linked by a disulphide bond to an uncharacterized schistosome amino acid \ntransporter heavy chain. Immunofluorescence localization detects SPRM1lc in miracidia, daughter sporocysts and adult \nworms. Confocal microscopy demonstrates that SPRM1lc is found in the apical membrane of the syncytial, double-lipid \nbilayer tegument which surrounds adult worms. Aqueous biotinylation studies on living worms show that SPRM1lc is \nexposed on the host-interactive surface of this tegumental membrane. Host exposed, functionally important surface \nproteins such as SPRM1lc could form the basis of an effective schistosomiasis vaccine. These studies are the first to \ndescribe a helminth amino acid transporter, and the first to characterize an invertebrate heterodimeric amino acid \ntransporter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182099005181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:30:22Z","timestamp":1027776622000},"page":"569-576","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["SPRM1lc, a heterodimeric amino acid permease light \nchain of the human parasitic platyhelminth, <i>Schistosoma \nmansoni<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"P. J.","family":"SKELLY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"PFEIFFER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"VERREY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. B.","family":"SHOEMAKER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,16]]},"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182099005181","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T19:47:07Z","timestamp":1557431227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182099005181\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182099005181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182099005181","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]}}}