{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T07:13:12Z","timestamp":1773731592242,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]],"date-time":"2000-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":957139200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The bovine parasite <jats:italic>Onchocerca ochengi<\/jats:italic> is a nodule-dwelling filarial nematode, closely related to <jats:italic>O. volvulus<\/jats:italic>, the causal \nagent of human River Blindness, and, sharing with it, the same vector. This brief review, based on a presentation at the \nBSP Autumn Symposium 1999, describes recent work supported by the WHO Drug Development Research Macrofil \nprogramme and the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation vaccine development programme, to research the chemotherapy \nand immunology of onchocerciasis utilising this model system, with experimental infections in Liverpool and field \ninfections in northern Cameroon. In a series of chemotherapeutic trials involving 10 compounds in 20 treatment regimes, \nthe comparability of drug efficacy against <jats:italic>O. ochengi<\/jats:italic> with that described against <jats:italic>O. volvulus<\/jats:italic> has been demonstrated. \nRepeated, long-term treatment with oxytetracycline has been shown to be macrofilaricidal and the effect is hypothesized \nto be related to action on Wolbachia endobacteria, abundant in <jats:italic>O. ochengi<\/jats:italic>. Avermectins\/milbemycins are not macrofilaricidal \n(even in high and repeated long-term treatments) but induce sustained abrogation of embryogenesis. In \nprospective, field exposure experiments with naive calves, prophylactic treatments with ivermectin and moxidectin \nprevented the development of adult worm infection, raising the possibility that drug-attenuated larval challenge infections \nmay induce immunity. Putatively immune adult cattle exist in endemically exposed populations, and these have been \nshown to be significantly less susceptible to challenge than age-matched naive controls, whereas radically drug-cured, \npreviously patently-infected cattle were not. Experimental infections with <jats:italic>O. ochengi<\/jats:italic> have revealed the kinetics of the \nimmune response in relation to parasite development and demonstrate analogous responses to those reported in <jats:italic>O. volvulus<\/jats:italic> \ninfection in humans and chimpanzees. In an immunization experiment with irradiated L<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> larvae, cattle were significantly \nprotected against experimental challenge \u2013 the first such demonstration of the experimental induction of immunity in a \nnatural Onchocerca host\u2013parasite system. Taken collectively, these studies not only demonstrate the similarity between the \nhost\u2013parasite relationships of <jats:italic>O. ochengi<\/jats:italic> in cattle and <jats:italic>O. volvulus<\/jats:italic> in humans, but promise to advance options for the control \nof human onchocerciasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182099005788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:30:22Z","timestamp":1027776622000},"page":"133-142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["<i>Onchocerca ochengi<\/i> infections in cattle as a model for \nhuman onchocerciasis: recent developments"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"A. J.","family":"TREES","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. P.","family":"GRAHAM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"RENZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. E.","family":"BIANCO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"TANYA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]]},"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182099005788","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T20:14:42Z","timestamp":1554754482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182099005788\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182099005788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182099005788","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]}}}