{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T04:04:26Z","timestamp":1793678666336,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]],"date-time":"2000-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":957139200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Infections with <jats:italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/jats:italic> are a major constraint on ruminant health world-wide. Young lambs are very \nsensitive to <jats:italic>Haemonchus<\/jats:italic> infection. Older lambs and sheep acquire immunity after a continuous or seasonal exposure to \nthe parasite. The mechanisms underlying immunity are still not completely understood. Antibodies, in particular local \nIgA and IgE, certainly play a role. The role of IgG is less clear. Lymphocyte proliferation responses seem to correlate to \nimmunity. Sheep that have high antigen-induced lymphocyte responses have a low susceptibility to infection. Furthermore, \nseveral studies have demonstrated that immunity against <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic> is associated with mastocytosis and \nhypersensitivity reactions. More recently, increasing attention is being paid to the role of cytokines (interleukins and \u03b3-\ninterferon) in the activation of specific defence mechanisms. Reverse transcriptase\u2013polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2013PCR) \nassays to study cytokine mRNA expression have become available. The inability of young lambs to mount a significant \nTh<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> response, which is normally characterized by high IgE levels, mastocytosis and eosinophilia, may account for the \nphenomenon of unresponsiveness in these animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118209900579x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:30:22Z","timestamp":1027776622000},"page":"63-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Immunological responses of sheep to <i>Haemonchus contortus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"H. D. F. H.","family":"SCHALLIG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]]},"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S003118209900579X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T20:14:42Z","timestamp":1554754482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S003118209900579X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S003118209900579X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s003118209900579x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]}}}