{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T08:11:49Z","timestamp":1776327109412,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]],"date-time":"2000-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":959817600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Trypanosomes in the dissection-positive proboscis of <jats:italic>Glossina pallidipes<\/jats:italic> were identified by PCR using species-specific \nprimers. Of the 3741 flies dissected 643 were proboscis positive. PCR was performed on 406 dissection-positive probosces \ngiving positive identifications in 352 (86\u00b77%) and infection rates of 14\u00b78% for <jats:italic>congolense<\/jats:italic>-type infections, 2\u00b78% for <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic>-\ntype infections and 1\u00b74% for the unidentified group. Of the 352 PCR identified infections 225 were single, 111 were \ndouble, 13 were triple infections and there were 3 quadruple infections. Statistical analysis suggests that mixed infections \ngroup into 3 largely separate divisions among the tsetse population (i) <jats:italic>Trypanosoma congolense<\/jats:italic> savannah and <jats:italic>T. congolense<\/jats:italic> \nKenya coast, (ii) <jats:italic>T. simiae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>T. congolense<\/jats:italic> Tsavo and <jats:italic>T. godfreyi<\/jats:italic> and (iii) <jats:italic>T. vivax<\/jats:italic>. We conclude that either differing feeding \npatterns among members of the fly population or the ability of the trypanosomes in each of the infection categories to \nsignificantly influence the maturation of trypanosomes in the other categories are the most likely causes of the groupings \nnoted. Chi-squared analysis of dissection and PCR methods of trypanosome identification revealed profound differences \n(\u03c7 = 19\u00b71; <jats:sc>D.F.<\/jats:sc> = 1; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0\u00b705). If confirmed in other studies these findings have serious implications for our understanding \nof trypanosome epidemiology in tsetse flies, much of which is founded on data from dissection-based trypanosome \nidentifications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182099005983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:30:22Z","timestamp":1027776622000},"page":"583-592","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Grouping of trypanosome species in mixed infections in <i>Glossina pallidipes<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"M. J.","family":"LEHANE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. R.","family":"MSANGI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. J.","family":"WHITAKER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"LEHANE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182099005983","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T19:59:50Z","timestamp":1554753590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182099005983\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182099005983"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182099005983","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}}}