{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T19:42:10Z","timestamp":1752003730009},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,2]],"date-time":"2001-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978393600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the previous paper it was concluded that those aged [ges     ] 15 years of both sexes could comprise the indicator group for \nrapid epidemiological assessment (REA) of onchocerciasis in the Amazonian focus. This paper explores relationships \nbetween community microfilarial (mf) prevalence, intensity, and nodule prevalence in 20 Yanomami communities, that \nwould allow identification of REA methods in the region. The mean nodule ratio (prevalence of nodules\/prevalence of \nmf) was 0\u00b754 when onchocercomata in the indicator group were considered. The Spearman correlation coefficient between \nmf and nodule prevalence was 0\u00b7686 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0\u00b7001). Palpation of nodules had 92% specificity and 32% sensitivity when \ncompared to skin-snipping for the diagnosis of onchocerciasis. The predictive value positive increased from 75% to 81% \nwhen the indicator group was used. A microfilarial prevalence &gt; 75% in this group would be indicative of hyperendemic \nstatus in the village, between 30 and 75% of mesoendemicity, and &lt; 30% of hypoendemicity. For the assessment of \ninfection intensity, biopsies may be taken from the iliac crest for all endemicity levels. Five of the hyperendemic villages \nsurveyed in this work had a community microfilarial load (CMFL) greater than 10 mf\/skin snip; the remaining 5 had a \nCMFL between 5 and 9. These levels of infection merit high priority ivermectin treatment. In Latin America, communities \nat both moderate and severe risk are included in mass chemotherapy programmes (i.e. when mf prevalence is \nover 20%). Roughly, a nodule prevalence in the indicator group &gt; 10% would suggest a community mf prevalence \n&gt; 20% with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 71%. A multiple linear regression model of the arc-sine transformed \nmf prevalence in the village (all ages) on nodule prevalence in those aged [ges     ] 15 years and altitude of the village explained \n72% of the variance. The model combining nodule and altitudinal information had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity \nof 71% in comparison to an estimated mf prevalence of 21% or more. It is suggested that the usefulness of the REA \nmethods proposed be assessed in other areas of the Amazonian onchocerciasis focus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182099006630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T13:30:22Z","timestamp":1027776622000},"page":"527-534","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Parasitological indicators of onchocerciasis relevant to \nivermectin control programmes in the Amazonian focus of \nsouthern Venezuela"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"VIVAS-MART\u00cdNEZ","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.-G.","family":"BAS\u00c1\u00d1EZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"BOTTO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"VILLEGAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"GARC\u00cdA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. F.","family":"CURTIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,2]]},"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182099006630","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T20:08:13Z","timestamp":1557346093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182099006630\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182099006630"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182099006630","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]}}}