{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:56:29Z","timestamp":1770825389726,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]],"date-time":"2009-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1247097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8470,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Synopsis<\/jats:title><jats:p>The history of the concept of presbyophrenia is traced from its inception in 1863 to the present day. Early in the twentieth century it was used to refer to a subtype of dementia characterized by confabulations, marked memory impairment, hyperactivity, disorientation, elevated mood and preserved social graces. At the time it was considered to be either a form of Korsakoff's psychosis or a subtype of senile dementia. The decline of the concept started in the 1920s and was precipitated by the redefinition of dementia in terms of impaired cognition, cortical symptomatology and specific neuropathological changes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Three explanations for the curious combination of symptoms characterizing presbyophrenia were then suggested: toxic-delirious states, manic illness in late life, or a combination of cerebrovascular disease and senile dementia. It is suggested that the dismissal of presbyophrenia could have been premature as it may capture a behavioural phenocopy of relevance to clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291700009089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]],"date-time":"2009-07-09T14:46:06Z","timestamp":1247150766000},"page":"267-275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Presbyophrenia: the rise and fall of a concept"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"G. E.","family":"Berrios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref080","unstructured":"Rouby J. (1911). Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude de la presbyophr\u00e9nie. (Th\u00e8se de m\u00e9decine, Paris). E. Nourris: Paris."},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref075","first-page":"521","article-title":"Faits syntaxiques comparatifs entre personnes ag\u00e9es et patients atteints de d\u00e9mence s\u00e9nile","volume":"49","author":"P\u00e9trissans","year":"1984","journal-title":"L'\u00c9volution Psychiatrique"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref033","first-page":"5","article-title":"Pathog\u00e9nic de la presbyophr\u00e9nie","volume":"23","author":"Dide","year":"1912","journal-title":"Revue Neurologique"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref089","first-page":"549","article-title":"\u00dcber die amnestische Geistesst\u00f6rung","volume":"48","author":"Tiling","year":"1892","journal-title":"Allgemeine Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Psychiatric und psychisch-gerichtliche Medizin"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref005","first-page":"675","volume-title":"The Modern Treatment of Nervous and Mental Disorders","author":"Barrett","year":"1913"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.969"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1945.02300060010002"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref004","first-page":"19","article-title":"\u00c9tude clinique d'un cas de presbyophr\u00e9nie de Wernicke avec polyn\u00e9vrite","volume":"18","author":"Arsimoles","year":"1914","journal-title":"Revue de Psychiatrie (Paris)"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref081","first-page":"1088","volume-title":"Psychiatrie der Gegenwart","volume":"2","author":"Ruffin","year":"1960"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref097","first-page":"281","volume-title":"Trait\u00e9 international de Psychologic Pathologique","author":"Ziehen","year":"1911"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref076","volume-title":"The Clinical Psychiatry of Late Life","author":"Post","year":"1965"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref091","first-page":"307","article-title":"La d\u00e9mence","volume":"86","author":"Trochine","year":"1928","journal-title":"Annales M\u00e9dico-Psychologiques"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref085","volume-title":"Handbuch der Psychiatrie","volume":"5","author":"Spielmeyer","year":"1912"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref088","first-page":"233","article-title":"\u00dcber die bei alkoholischen Neuritis multiplex beobachtete Geistesst\u00f6rung","volume":"46","author":"Tiling","year":"1890","journal-title":"Allgemeine Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Psychiatric und psychisch-gerichtliche Medizin"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref030","volume-title":"Les Maladies de la M\u00e9moire","author":"Delay","year":"1942"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref070","first-page":"141","article-title":"Presbyophr\u00e9nie de Wernicke et les psychopolyn\u00e9uritis","volume":"6","author":"N\u00f6uet","year":"1911","journal-title":"L'Enc\u00e9phale"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref022","first-page":"339","article-title":"\u00dcber Presbyophrenie","volume":"99","author":"Bostroem","year":"1933","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankenheiten"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref090","first-page":"172","article-title":"Paralysis g\u00e9n\u00e9rale s\u00e9nile et presbyophr\u00e9nie","volume":"3","author":"Trenel","year":"1910","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Societ\u00e9 Clinique M\u00e9decine Mental"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref044","volume-title":"Die Gruppierung der psychischen Krankheiten: Entwurf einer historisch-kritischen Darstellung der bisherigen Einteilungen und Versuch zur Anbahnung einer empirisch-wissenschafilichen Grundlage der Psychiatrie als klinischer Disziplin","author":"Kahlbaum","year":"1863"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000203286"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref028","first-page":"119","volume-title":"In Studies in Geriatric Psychiatry","author":"Constantinidis","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref021","first-page":"239","article-title":"De la presbyophr\u00e9nie (Wernicke) \u2013 La forme s\u00e9nile de Ia Psychose de Korsakow","volume":"18","author":"Bolten","year":"1911","journal-title":"Journal f\u00fcr Psychologie und Neurologie"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.5.577"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref053","first-page":"179","article-title":"Sobre la presbiofrenia sin confabulaciones","volume":"15","author":"Lafora","year":"1935","journal-title":"Archivos de Neurobiologia"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref048","volume-title":"Le\u00e7ons pratiques de Psychiatrie","author":"Korkina","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref065","first-page":"419","volume-title":"The Vital Balance","author":"Menninger","year":"1964"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02034013"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref042","volume-title":"Psychiatric Dictionary","author":"Hinsie","year":"1970"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref023","first-page":"460","article-title":"Presbyophr\u00e9nie et psychose de Korsakoff","volume":"68","author":"Brissot","year":"1910","journal-title":"Annales M\u00e9dico-Psychologiques"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref037","volume-title":"\u00c9tudes Psychiatriques","volume":"2","author":"Ey","year":"1950"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref019","volume-title":"Textbook of Psychiatry","author":"Bleuler","year":"1934"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref007","first-page":"115","article-title":"Presbyophr\u00e9nie et psychopolyn\u00e9vrite chronique","volume":"1","author":"Beaussart","year":"1910","journal-title":"Archive de Neurologie (Paris)"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref049","first-page":"501","article-title":"\u00c9tude m\u00e9dico-psychologique sur une forme des maladies de la m\u00e9moire","volume":"28","author":"Korsakoff","year":"1889","journal-title":"Revue Philosophique"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref046","first-page":"710","article-title":"Confusion mentale \u00e0 forme de presbyophr\u00e9nie symptomatique et curable","volume":"70","author":"Klippel","year":"1912","journal-title":"Annales M\u00e9dicoPsychologiques"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref055","first-page":"512","volume-title":"Manuel alphab\u00e9lique de Psychiatrie","author":"L\u00e9onardon","year":"1975"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref017","volume-title":"A Textbook of Psychiatry","author":"Bianchi","year":"1906"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00583.x"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref074","first-page":"311","article-title":"On Meynert's amentia","volume":"9","author":"Pappenheim","year":"1975","journal-title":"International Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.148.1.87"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000211873"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref015","unstructured":"Berrios G. E. (1986 b). The paramnesias \u2013 a conceptual history. (Submitted for publication.)"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.147.1.76"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref020","first-page":"1460","article-title":"Een Genezen geval van presbyophrenia (Wernicke)","volume":"2","author":"Bolten","year":"1906","journal-title":"Nederlands Tijdsschrift voor Geneeskunde (Amsterdam)"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref079","first-page":"348","article-title":"Un cas de presbyophr\u00e9nie","volume":"1","author":"Rose","year":"1910","journal-title":"L'Enc\u00e9phale"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-00186-8"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref052","volume-title":"Psychiatric. Ein Lehrbuch f\u00fcr Studierende und \u00c4rzte","author":"Kraepelin","year":"1910"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref025","first-page":"41","article-title":"Les conceptions psychiatriques de Wernicke","volume":"9","author":"Burckard","year":"1931","journal-title":"Travaux de la Clinique Psychiatrique de la Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Strasbourg"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref006","volume-title":"Trait\u00e9 de Psychiatrie","author":"Baruk","year":"1959"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref062","first-page":"151","article-title":"\u00c9tude anatomo-clinique de la presbyophr\u00e9nie","volume":"7","author":"Marchand","year":"1912","journal-title":"L'Enc\u00e9phale"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref003","first-page":"193","article-title":"Contributo allo studio del nosografismo e del reperso istopathologico della presbiofrenia","volume":"5","author":"Angelo","year":"1912","journal-title":"Rivista Italiana di Neuropatologia (Catania)"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref036","first-page":"221","article-title":"Les illusions de la classification psychiatrique","volume":"28","author":"Ellenberger","year":"1963","journal-title":"L'\u00c9volution Psychiatrique"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700003573"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref016","first-page":"313","article-title":"La presbyophr\u00e9nie","volume":"37","author":"Bessi\u00e8re","year":"1948","journal-title":"L'Enc\u00e8phale"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref078","first-page":"108","article-title":"Un cas de presbyophr\u00e9nie","volume":"14","author":"R\u00e9mond","year":"1912","journal-title":"Toulouse M\u00e9dical"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref073","volume-title":"The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map","author":"O'Keefe","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref061","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psychiatric symptoms of ruptured intracraneal arterial aneurysms. Before and after intracraneal surgery and their prognosis","volume":"14","author":"Maeda","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref092","first-page":"505","article-title":"Recherches sur la presbyophr\u00e9nie","volume":"6","author":"Truelle","year":"1911","journal-title":"L'Enc\u00e9phale"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref063","volume-title":"Clinical Psychiatry","author":"Mayer","year":"1969"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02866372"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02894177"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/52.1.23"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref068","first-page":"41","article-title":"Cortical blindness with anosognosia, subsequent simultaneous agnosia and persistent gross recent memory defect","volume":"11","author":"Morley","year":"1974","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Australian Association of Neurology"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref001","volume-title":"Fundamentos de la pisquiatria actual","author":"Alonso-Fernandez","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.120.554.31"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref043","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Schizophrenie und Zyklothymie. Ergebnisse und Probleme","author":"Janzarik","year":"1969"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref083","first-page":"352","article-title":"De la presbyophr\u00e9nie","volume":"71","author":"Soukhanoff","year":"1913","journal-title":"Annales M\u00e9dico Psychologiques"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/88.2.237"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref035","first-page":"145","article-title":"Psychopolyn\u00e9vrites: chroniques et d\u00e9mence","volume":"4","author":"Dupr\u00e9","year":"1909","journal-title":"L'Enc\u00e9phale"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref060","first-page":"3","article-title":"La psicosis \u00fanica","volume":"17","author":"Llopis","year":"1954","journal-title":"Archivos de Neurobiologia"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref031","first-page":"637","article-title":"Histoire des classifications psychiatriques","volume":"92","author":"Desruelles","year":"1934","journal-title":"Annales M\u00e9dico-Psychologiques"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref071","first-page":"141","article-title":"Presbyophrenia of Wemicke and psychopolyneuritis","volume":"34","author":"N\u00f6uet","year":"1913","journal-title":"Allenist and Neurologist"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref014","unstructured":"Berrios G. E. (1986 a). The non-cognitive psychopathology of dementia: historical and clinical aspects. Comprehensive Psychiatry (in the press)."},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref067","volume-title":"Catatonia","author":"Mora","year":"1973"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref066","volume-title":"L'Amentia","author":"Meynert","year":"1983"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref038","volume-title":"Manuel de Psychiatrie","author":"Ey","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref064","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Alzheimer's Disease and Related Conditions","author":"McMenemey","year":"1970"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.43.5.461"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02207467"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref027","volume-title":"\u00c9l\u00e9ments de S\u00e9miologie et Clinique Mentales","author":"Chaslin","year":"1912"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06910.x"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref054","first-page":"52","article-title":"Sur un cas de presbyophr\u00e9nie de Wernicke avec ecmn\u00e9sie et aphasic amnestique de Pitres","volume":"99","author":"Laignel-Lavastine","year":"1941","journal-title":"Annales M\u00e9dico-Psychologiques"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1966.tb01913.x","article-title":"Korsakoff's syndrome after operation on ruptured aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery","volume":"42","author":"Linquist","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Psychiarrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02867052"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref084","first-page":"355","article-title":"De la d\u00e9mence presbyophr\u00e9nique","volume":"71","author":"Soukhanoff","year":"1913","journal-title":"Annales M\u00e9dico-Psychologiques"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref008","first-page":"106","volume-title":"Les Fondements de la Clinique","author":"Bercherie","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref032","first-page":"90","article-title":"Amnesic et fabulation. \u00c9tude de syndrome \u2018presbyophrCnique\u2019","volume":"24","author":"Devaux","year":"1911","journal-title":"Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salpetri\u00e9re"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(82)90161-4"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.28.11.1166"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688307600511"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref018","volume-title":"Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie","author":"Binswanger","year":"1923"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-96154-0"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02864384"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref002","first-page":"268","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","volume":"3","author":"Angelergues","year":"1969"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.5.6.394"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref096","volume-title":"Grundriss der Psychiatrie","author":"Wernicke","year":"1906"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref034","volume-title":"Illustrated Medical Dictionary","author":"Dorland","year":"1981"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref093","first-page":"141","article-title":"Salvat: Barcelona. Vedrani, N. (1911). Presbiofrenia e \u2018sphaerotrichia cerebri multiplex\u2019 di Fischer","volume":"7","author":"Vallejo","year":"1954","journal-title":"Quaderni de Psiquiatria"},{"key":"S0033291700009089_ref098","first-page":"300","article-title":"Su di un caso di demenze presbiophrenica","volume":"18","author":"Ziveri","year":"1913","journal-title":"Revista di Pathologia Nervosa e Mentale"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291700009089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T06:10:02Z","timestamp":1558505402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291700009089\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,5]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291700009089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291700009089","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,5]]}}}