{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:36:27Z","timestamp":1791041787202,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]],"date-time":"2009-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1247097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9108,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,8]]},"DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291700015099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]],"date-time":"2009-07-09T11:02:07Z","timestamp":1247137327000},"page":"501-506","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep: cholinergic mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"J. Christian","family":"Gillin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natraj","family":"Sitaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/243518a0"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(67)90016-0"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(74)90402-8"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(84)90103-3"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290120008002"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref055","first-page":"206","article-title":"Sleep patterns following chronic exposure to cholinesterase inhibiting organophosphate compounds","volume":"5","author":"Stoyva","year":"1968","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(64)90076-0"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(79)90218-8"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref011","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Anticholinergic Drugs and Brain Function in Animals and Man","volume":"28","author":"Domino","year":"1968"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref024","unstructured":"Hobson J. A. (1982). How does the cortex know when to do what? A neurobiological theory of state control. Neuroscience Symposium Cerebral Cortex, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, 3\u20138 October."},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(08)60630-3"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref013","unstructured":"Ferini-Strambi L. , Mariani E. , Minicucci F. , Mastrangelo M. , Medagliani S. & Binirani S. (1983). REM facilitating activity of physostigmine in healthy subjects: antagonist effect of minaprine.APSS Meeting,Bologna, 18\u201322 July."},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(70)90018-X"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7361118"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1969.01740160086012"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198207000-00010"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref010","first-page":"315","article-title":"Effect of cholinergic antisynthesis agent HC-3 on the awake\u2013sleep cycle of the cat","volume":"7","author":"Domino","year":"1970","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(77)90214-0","article-title":"Effects of atropine upon hypocampal electrical activity in rats with special reference to paradoxical sleep","volume":"42","author":"Usin","year":"1977","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref007","first-page":"187","article-title":"Down's syndrome: a study of sleep patterns related to level of mental retardation","volume":"74","author":"Castaldo","year":"1969","journal-title":"American Journal of Mental Deficiency"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref023","first-page":"261","article-title":"Physostigmine induction of REM sleep in imipramine treated rats","volume":"3","author":"Hill","year":"1979","journal-title":"Communications in Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref036","first-page":"159","article-title":"REM latency: a psychobiological value for primary depressive disease","volume":"11","author":"Kupfer","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(63)90037-2"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref035","first-page":"R3","article-title":"Mathematical model of human circadian system with two interacting oscillators","volume":"242","author":"Kronauer","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref050","first-page":"925","article-title":"Development and use of pharmacological probes of the CNS in man: evidence of cholinergic abnormalities in primary affective illness","volume":"15","author":"Sitaram","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.138.12.1545","article-title":"Childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"138","author":"Rapoport","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(69)90059-4"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref002","unstructured":"Berger M. & Lund R. (1982). The influence of physostigmine on REM sleep in neurotic and endogenous depressed patients. Sixth European Congress of Sleep Research, Zurich, 23\u201326 March."},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref004","first-page":"45","article-title":"Muscarinic cholinergic receptor abnormalities in canine narcolepsy","volume":"11","author":"Boehme","year":"1982","journal-title":"Sleep Research"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(67)90027-1"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref005","first-page":"195","article-title":"A two process model of sleep regulation","volume":"1","author":"Borbely","year":"1982","journal-title":"Human Neurobiology"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-196404000-00009","article-title":"Some behavioral changes in man following anticholinesterase administration","volume":"138","author":"Bowers","year":"1964","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198310000-00031"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.23.241"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref017","first-page":"585","volume-title":"Advances in Sleep Research: Narcolepsy","author":"Gillin","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(70)90061-2"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref049","first-page":"959","article-title":"Persistance du sommeil paradoxica chez le chat apr\u00e8s destruction de l'aire gigantocellulaire du tegmentum pontine par l'acide kainiane","volume":"289","author":"Sastre","year":"1979","journal-title":"Comptes rendus, Acad\u00e9mie des sciences, Paris"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(79)90023-4"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(81)90171-4"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref025","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Neuronal Activity During the Sleep\u2013waking Cycle","volume":"6","author":"Hobson","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)93021-8"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(77)90948-9"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref030","first-page":"455","volume-title":"Cholinergic Mechanisms","author":"Jouvet","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1973.04200030074011"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.26.4.311"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref039","unstructured":"Mennuni G. , Morante M. T. , Scoppetta C. & Bergonzi P. (1983). Night sleep organization in myasthenic patients not undergoing therapy.Fourth International Congress of Sleep Research,Bologna, 18\u201322. July."},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(72)90201-6"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref044","first-page":"185","article-title":"Circadian variations in cholinergic enzymes and muscarinic receptor binding in human cerebral cortex","volume":"4","author":"Perry","year":"1977","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.5.571","article-title":"Cholinergic regulation of mood and REM sleep: a potential model and marker for vulnerability to depression","volume":"139","author":"Sitaram","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref042","unstructured":"Nurnberger J. I. , Sitaram N. , Gershon E. S. & Gillin J. C. (1983). A twin study of cholinergic REM induction. Biological Psychiatry. (In the press.)"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref048","first-page":"427","volume-title":"The Reticular Formation Revisited","author":"Sakai","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref056","first-page":"275","article-title":"A polygraphic study of the effect of atropine on human nocturnal sleep","volume":"120","author":"Toyoda","year":"1966","journal-title":"Folia Psychiatrica et Neurologica Japonica"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1975186727"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(78)90382-9"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.32619"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-19830501-02"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(81)90226-0"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref045","first-page":"473","volume-title":"The Reticular Formation Revisited","author":"Pompeiano","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/155005948001100102"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(82)90174-5"},{"key":"S0033291700015099_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.172.3983.601"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291700015099","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T15:58:54Z","timestamp":1558627134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291700015099\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,8]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291700015099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291700015099","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,8]]}}}