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This hypothesis is based on the following findings: (1) Catalepsy, which is the nearest equivalent in animals to human catatonia, develops in cats when prostaglandin E<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> is injected into the cerebral ventricles and when during endotoxin or lipid A fever the prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> level in cisternal c.s.f. rises to high levels; however, when fever and prostaglandin level are brought down by non-steroid anti-pyretics which inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, catalepsy disappears as well. 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