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In a particularly successful procedure, now termed assay-guided isolation, neural defects were made good by means of tissue-extracts and the restoration of function was established as an assay-system to guide the chemical separation and identification of the active tissue constituent. Thiamin was so isolated, using an experimental polyneuritis assay; subsequent instances among other metabolites, hormones, neurotransmitters and nerve growth factors are recounted. Procedures of assay-guided characterization ensured that links were retained between specific, sparsely-occurring substances and chosen aspects of their biological roles while their chemical nature was first explored and then established. The procedures discouraged the too-facile postulating of hypothetical molecules and contributed to the distinctiveness of neurochemistry as a subject within the neurosciences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291700020894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]],"date-time":"2009-07-09T14:57:15Z","timestamp":1247151435000},"page":"15-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assay-guided isolation of naturally-occurring neuroactive substances"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Henry","family":"McIlwain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291700020894_ref039","volume-title":"Practical Measurements in Radio-activity","author":"Makower","year":"1912"},{"key":"S0033291700020894_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.769164"},{"key":"S0033291700020894_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-195011000-00010","volume-title":"The Biochemistry of B Vitamins","author":"Williams","year":"1950"},{"key":"S0033291700020894_ref053","volume-title":"Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) and its Use in Medicine","author":"Williams","year":"1938"},{"key":"S0033291700020894_ref050","volume-title":"The Discovery of the Elements","author":"Weeks","year":"1934"},{"key":"S0033291700020894_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.18170550104"},{"key":"S0033291700020894_ref047","article-title":"Die Aetiologie der Beriberi unter Ber\u00fccksichtigung des gesamten Stoffwechsels","volume":"14","author":"Schaumann","year":"1910","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Schiffs-und Tropenhygiene"},{"key":"S0033291700020894_ref022","first-page":"199","volume-title":"Methods and Results","author":"Huxley","year":"1874"},{"key":"S0033291700020894_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)28025-8"},{"key":"S0033291700020894_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0970395"},{"key":"S0033291700020894_ref049","volume-title":"A Treatise on the Chemical Constitution of the Brain","author":"Thudichum","year":"1984"},{"key":"S0033291700020894_ref041","volume-title":"The Pathology of Mind","author":"Maudsley","year":"1895"},{"key":"S0033291700020894_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688407700516","article-title":"Neurochemistry and Sherrington's enchanted loom","volume":"77","author":"McIlwain","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291700020894_ref033","volume-title":"A History of Nutrition. 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