{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T20:24:12Z","timestamp":1748291052047},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]],"date-time":"2009-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1247097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8835,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychol. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Synopsis<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the mid-nineteenth century opium and its derivatives, such as laudanum and morphine, were the most common poisons in suicides in England and Wales. With legislative restrictions on these \u2018dangerous drugs\u2019 such a use declined. This study attempts to show this trend and indicates the large variety of these opium-related suicides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291700023515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]],"date-time":"2009-07-09T10:55:37Z","timestamp":1247136937000},"page":"237-242","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Suicides by opium and its derivatives, in England and Wales, 1850\u20141950"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref022","first-page":"261","article-title":"Poisoning cases in Scotland","volume":"3","year":"1896","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref021","first-page":"443","article-title":"Poisoning by laudanum","volume":"17","year":"1886","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref020","first-page":"98","article-title":"Attempted suicide by taking laudanum","volume":"17","year":"1886","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref017","first-page":"179","article-title":"Suicide by laudanum","volume":"5","year":"1874","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref027","first-page":"816","article-title":"Poisoning cases and inquests","volume":"24","year":"1907","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref009","volume-title":"A Treatise on Poisons","author":"Christison","year":"1829"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref008","volume-title":"British Pharmacopoeia","year":"1914"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref032","volume-title":"Annual Reports for England and Wales","year":"1850"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref029","first-page":"815","article-title":"The composition of chlorodyne","volume":"28","year":"1909","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref028","first-page":"499","article-title":"Poisoning cases and inquests","volume":"27","year":"1908","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref030","first-page":"590","article-title":"Poisoning cases and inquests","volume":"31","year":"1910","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref025","first-page":"120","article-title":"Poisoning cases","volume":"15","year":"1902","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref024","first-page":"61","article-title":"Annotations","volume":"7","year":"1898","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref018","first-page":"251","article-title":"Sale of poison","volume":"7","year":"1876","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref019","first-page":"892","article-title":"Poisoning by laudanum","volume":"9","year":"1879","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref001","first-page":"5","article-title":"The nineteenth century: British mortality statistics: towards an assessment of their accuracy","volume":"21","author":"Benson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Society for the Social History of Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref016","first-page":"356","article-title":"Worship Street police court","volume":"1","year":"1870","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref010","first-page":"214","article-title":"Tolerance to morphine","volume":"149","year":"1952","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref012","volume-title":"Drugs for Young People","author":"Leech","year":"1973"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002204268001000102"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref003","volume-title":"Opium and the People","author":"Berridge","year":"1981"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref026","first-page":"719","article-title":"Poisoning cases and inquests","volume":"19","year":"1904","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref014","first-page":"485","article-title":"Suicide by opium","volume":"16","year":"1857","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref031","first-page":"426","article-title":"Poisoning cases and inquests","volume":"58","year":"1924","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref004","first-page":"351","article-title":"Opiate use and legislative control","volume":"13A","author":"Berridge","year":"1979","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref006","unstructured":"British Medical Journal (1892). Patent medicines containing poison: government prosecution; i, 995."},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref007","volume-title":"British Pharmacopoeia","year":"1898"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref011","volume-title":"Opium and the Romantic Imagination","author":"Hayter","year":"1968"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref013","volume-title":"Secret Passions, Secret Remedies","author":"Parsinnen","year":"1983"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref015","first-page":"386","article-title":"Large doses of opium","volume":"2","year":"1861","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref023","first-page":"lxxiv","article-title":"The supply of laudanum by chemists","volume":"3","year":"1896","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"key":"S0033291700023515_ref005","first-page":"831","article-title":"Recording the sale of laudanum","volume":"39","author":"Brackenbury","year":"1914","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"}],"container-title":["Psychological Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0033291700023515","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T18:49:54Z","timestamp":1558550994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0033291700023515\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0033291700023515"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291700023515","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-2917","1469-8978"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-2917","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8978","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,5]]}}}