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Odds ratio analysis demonstrated significant linear trends in the association between increasing lateral and third ventricle volumes, and both RDC schizophrenia (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>= 121) and schizoaffective disorder (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>= 41); cases were consistently associated with larger volumes than controls. There was an association between larger third, but not lateral, ventricle size in affective psychoses (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>= 54). These associations were statistically independent of intracranial volume, sex, social class and ethnicity, factors which were significantly associated with ventricular measures in the controls. There was no evidence of a threshold corresponding to the notion of normal<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>enlarged ventricles.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Within the schizophrenia group, there were no large or significant associations between ventricle dimensions and age at onset, duration of illness or pre-morbid social functioning. 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